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HIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

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I UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. | 



THE 



Blood and Breath 



A SYSTEM OF EXEECISE 



LUNGS AND LIMBS, 



WITH ILLUSTKATIONS FKOM LIFE, TO ACCOMPANT 



(looDYEAR's Pocket Gyimsium, 



' Ji E. EEOBISHEK, 

AuTHOB OF •'Voice and Action," Etc., Etc. 




NEW YORK: 
GOODYEAB'S RUBBER CURLER CO., 

697 Broadway. 

1876. 




THE COMPLETE GYMNASIUM. — YOUNG AMERICA IN CONDITION. 

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by 

J. E. FROBISHER, 
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



New York : Lange, Little & Co., Printers. 



PREFACE 



:o 



This manual is the result of a sincere enthusiasm 
in the labor of its production, 

Necessity has compelled the author to seek some 
means of restoring the power constantly expended in 
teaching Elocution. 

The daily protracted use of the lungs, coupled with 
frequent excessive emotional effort, requires more 
than ordinary support, and this can be found only in 
a healthful muscular basis. 

Even a strong foundation may occasionally be in- 
trenched upon to such an extent as to weaken, if not 
seriously impair, one's whole resources. 

In earnest and violent vocal effort the blood is 
quickly drawn from all parts of the body, and, con- 
stantly pushed through the lungs, is rapidly oxygen- 
ated and returned to find a renewal of power in the 
muscles. If these are not well-toned and lack a re- 
cuperative quality, then friction, and ultimately wear 
of the entire system, is the result. We see this evi- 
denced especially in clergymen. It has been in a 
measure a personal experience, and the prevention of 
this tendency has been a constant study. 

Various have been the expedients resorted to, such 
as Indian-clubs, dumb-bells, and other appliances, in 



4 PREFACE. 

order to effect this. But it was only after experi- 
ments had been made with Goodybar's Pocket 
GtYMKASIUM that satisfactory results were attained. 
It seemed to contain all that could possibly be de- 
sired. It was strengthening far beyond mere restora- 
tion, and was, besides, a source of endless movements, 
not stiffening to the muscles and rendering them rigid 
and inflexible, like many other instrumentalities ; but, 
being, like the muscles, elastic, it naturally kept them 
so. It also added suppleness. It was exercise of the 
true kind. This work is a combination of vocal and 
physical exercise, as indicated. The first part is de- 
voted to the external muscles, the second to the inter- 
nal. Thanks are due Mrs. E. F. Ellett, Mrs. P. L. 
La Barre, Miss Ella Dietz, and D. Legare, for MS. 
selections. It is not the broad chest alone, but the 
robust voice that indicates true health. It should be 
LuKGs, as well as Limbs. Hence the title, Blood 
and Breath. 




OOE"TE]:^TS 



PAGE 

Preface 3 

Lungs and Limbs. — Athletes. — Teachers. — Actors. — Sal- 

vini. — Lablache. — Webster 7 

Blood and Breath.— Our Food.— Bread.— Meat.— Vege- 
tables. — Fruits, etc 11 

Salting Meat.— Apples (special).— Onions {special) 12 

Constipation. 13 

Clothing.— Flannels.— Warm.— Cool.— dry, etc 13 

Bathing.— The Body.— The Head.— Colds 14 

The Brain. — Study. — Exercise 15 

Public Recreation. — Indoor Exercise. — Sedentary Per- 
sons 16 

Ventilation. — ^Catarrh. — Greneral Habits. — Harriet Hos- 

mer 18 

What Others Say. — Dr. Hall. — (Baseball.) — Dr. Foss. — 

Prof. Coppee.— Prof. Philbrick.— N. E. Jour. Ed... . 21 
The Pocket Gymnasium. — Directions. — Am. Ladies. — 

Sleeplessness. — Public Speakers. — Exercises 28 

Single Tube. — Hands and Arms. — Arms, Chest and 
Loins. — Head and Neck. — Spine and Loins. — The 

Trunk and Legs 31 

Double Tube. — The Ancients — Antique Exercises. — Tube 
Exercises for Two Persons. — Fronting. — Back to 

Back 40 

The Complete Gymnasium. — No. 7. — Upper Hooks. — 
Facing. — Backwards. — Second Set. — Third Set, 
*' The Rowing Exercise." — Fourth Set. — The 
Floor.— The Swing 44 



6 CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

PART SECOND, 

Elocution in Oratory. — The Orator's Art. — Demos- 
tlienes. — Roscius. — The Phonacii. — Quintillian. — 
Webster. — Clay. — Bascom. — Everett. — Sumner. — 
Phillips. — Curran. — Grattan. — Lacordaire. — Gar- 
ick. — Sarah Siddons. — Whitefield. — Spurgeon. — 
Hepworth. — Bettertou. — Hill. — Austin. — Steele. — 
Rush 53 

Selections. 

Anne Hathaway Falconer. 66 

Hans Vogel 74 

Last of the Faithful 75 

First Centennial Address Brewster. 78 

Boys in Blue : Dietz. 79 

Erl King Ellett. 80 

She would be a Mason 82 

True Americanism Schurz. 84 

Nae Knee Bairn 86 

National Peculiarities Legare. 88 

Roq Caviare. 93 




LUE"GS AifD Limbs. 



Earelt if ever do the more sturdy of athletes be- 
come actors or orators, from the fact that sensibility 
is absorbed as muscle is forcedly enlarged, for the 
blood from the brain goes to give size to the arm 
and chest. We see this exemplified to the extreme in 
prize-fighters. Elasticity of movement is also slowed 
to such an extent as to retard expression, and conse- 
quently prevent those electric, instantaneous flashes, 
so absolutely needful in the higher range of elo- 
quence, and in those keener touches of emotion in 
the grander dramatic roles. There are actors and 
orators of extraordinary strength — but it is natural ; 
not forced. It is well balanced. It is strength of 
heart and lungs as well as limbs. 

Salvini is a living embodiment of this natural, 
brawny, robust strength, and his constant earnest act- 
ing keeps him in possession of it. His impersonation 
of Samson, and his still more wonderful characteriza- 
tion of Saul, are realities of colossal strength. We had 
the privilege, on this side the water, of seeing and 
hearing, as if from life, those master-pieces of the bibli- 
cal days of old, while conservative England placed an 
interdiction upon them because emanating from the 
Bible. 

Lablache, the world's greatest hasso profu7ido, was 
another of those strengths. 



y LUNGS AND LIMBS. 

Webster, America's orator, might be cited as one of 
those evenly balanced strengths. It was not only 
brawn of chest, arms, and limbs, but also power of 
lungs, heart and brain to massiveness. He kept part 
in condition by his constant practice of oratory in the 
open air, while on the sea-shore, or in the woods ; the 
others by personal attention to his farm in Marshfield. 

He seemed to thoroughly understand that strength 
of one part must be sustained by all. His bronzed 
face would often testify to his out-door life. He more 
frequently resembled, when at home, a plain country- 
man, than the great orator, and many amusing inci- 
dents are related of him in this respect. On one oc- 
casion, it is related that he actually took "a city chap" 
on his shoulders across a brook in order to see, as he 
expressed it, the "great Webster," but on arriving at 
the house was mortified to learn that this " man " was 
he. Many other names might be noted, but our space 
is limited. 

The objection is not to strength, but to that un- 
natural quality created by forceful practices that build 
up and develop, oftentimes for mere show, a few parts 
like the arms and chest alone, to the neglect of all the 
rest. Such efibrts may indeed strengthen, temporarily, 
those external parts, but the strength is not always 
lasting, for it is invariably acquired at such a fearful 
expense of the heart and lungs. The blood, in these 
heavier exercises is overforced in undue proportion to 
the outer muscles, while the inner are left to languish 
from lack of proper sustenance. Exercise, to be bene- 
ficial, must be general. Gymnasts overdraw the blood 
from the heart and seldom use their lungs, except as 
forced upon them by mere necessity of breathing in 
their more irksome efforts, and in consequence weak- 
ness of those parts is induced which ultimately ends 



LUNGS AND LIMBS. 9 

in rheumatism of the heart, or consumption. As a 
class they are not long-lived. See Dr. Hall's article, p. 
21, in this work. 

Among the professions, teachers are the shortest- 
lived, and perhaps might come next, with exceptions, 
clergymen. 

The gymnast uses limbs alone, and makes a fine ex- 
ternal appearance, while the teacher and clergyman 
use only brain and lungs. In the one we have muscle, 
but not genuine strength. In the others, weakness 
and ill-health, and neither are noted for their length 
of years. 

A happy combination of both these classes lies in 
tlie profession of acting. Actors, as a class, with all 
their pernicious habits, lateness of hours among the rest, 
are noted for their longevity. We have authority for 
this in medical statistics. He uses both lungs and 
limbs in, generally, a well-balanced and proportioned 
employment. He exercises all his outer muscles, in 
numberless varieties of ways, in fencing, struggling, 
and the violent movements that frequently occur in 
dramatic representation. He exercises the inner by 
his emotions, his thoughts, his voice, and by all that 
appertains to speech and feeling. He generalizes all 
his powers. He thhiks, he studies, to use the brain ; 
he exercises the heart, the soul, in emotions ; he talks, 
he sings, he shouts, to use the lungs ; he walks, he 
runs, he dances, he climbs, he sometimes lifts or moves 
heavy objects, to use the body and limbs, or in some 
manner constantly exerts all his faculties. And this 
very exertion gives him health and longevity. He has 
his rehearsals in the morning, the memorization of 
characters at odd hours, the preparation of costume in 
the afternoon, besides playing at night, with a constant 
use of limbs, and lungs ; his is indeed a busy life. 
1* 



10 



LUNGS AND LIMBS. 



We should endeavor to imitate this as far as is just 
and consistent. We should not only exercise the ex- 
ternal muscles, but give free scope to the internal. We 
should use the voice, we should read aloud, and recite 
selections daily, to keep the lungs in good condition. 
Take either the serious or comic selections found in 
this manual and read them, in full voice, or, what is 
better, memorize and recite them. Either will be 
found an excellent practice for the lungs. Try to act 
and feel what is thus read. 




Blood and Beeath. 



It is the bright red blood in our veins that is pure. 
It is the breath that makes it so. The food we eat 
changes to blood; apart of this to bone and muscle, 
and exercise and air make the blood brighter, purer, 
the bones firmer, stronger, the muscles more sinewy 
and tough. Perfect health is a glorious thing and 
ought to be enjoyed more largely than it is. It would 
be the case if its simple laws were better understood 
and followed. 

Our Food. 

The food we eat is the source from whence is derived 
the blood. A portion of this food, as it is changed by 
digestion, is absorbed into small vessels and afterward 
changed into blood and conveyed by the blood-vessels 
to the heart, through the lungs, and the heart by its 
pulsations sends it to all parts of the body. As to the 
kind, quality and mixture of the food, it depends 
mainly on taste and experience. 

Of course we should eat bread, meat, vegetables, 
fruits, etc., but there are sometimes features in our diet 
which demand special attention. For instance, as a 
general thing, we do not eat enough of the coarser 
kinds of bread ; like the brown, rye, and Graham. 
Young people especially should be watched at the age 
when growing, and be taught to relish such food as is 
best for them. If parents wish them to have firm 



12 BLOOD AND BEEATH. 

bones, and sound teeth, they should accustom them 
to eat, in part, coarse food. To secure freshness and 
ruddiness of complexion, and prevent scrofulous condi- 
tion, diseased joints, enlarged glands, sore eyes, and 
even consumption, fat should enter liberally into their 
eating. If prejudice exists, it should be overcome, 
or the consequences indicated will follow. Judg- 
ment must be used as to amount and the need of 
it. 

The kinds of food which keep the body in the best 
condition are oat-meal, rice, hominy, coarse breads, 
potatoes, peas, beans, beef, mutton, venison, eggs, 
chicken, fish, milk, stewed prunes, stewed apples, ripe 
pears and peaches. 

Meats and fish should be roasted or baked, never 
boiled, potatoes stewed or baked, never fried. 

Salting injures meat, by drawing out the juices. 
Too much salt is not healthy. Sometimes raw meat 
is eaten even upon the recommendation of physicians, 
but there are frequently little worms in meat which 
change in our bodies into other kinds and occasion 
frightful diseases. 

People have been known to have had fifty thousand 
worms in one inch of their flesh from eating raw meat. 
These minute thread-like creatures have penetrated 
every part, even the eyes, and caused death. 

Apples. — By a careful analysis it has been found 
that apples contain a larger amount of phosphorus, or 
brain-food, than any other fruit or vegetable; and 
on this account they are very important to sedentary 
men, who work their brains rather than their muscles. 
They also contain the acids which are needed especial- 
ly for sedentary men, the action of whose liver is slug- 
gish, to eliminate effete matters, which, if retained in 
the system, produce inaction of the brain, and, indeed, 



OUR CLOTHING. 13 

of the wliole system, causing jaundice, sleepiness, 
scurvy, and troublesome diseases of the skin. 

Okioks. — When they can be procured fresh from 
the earth, or have been kept secure from poisoned at- 
mospheres, have excellent qualities, used with other 
food. If purchased from the small public markets af- 
ter having passed through a number of storages or 
depots for provisions of that kind, they are likely to 
prove hurtful. Onions are peculiarly sensitive and 
readily absorb disease, especially febrile, by contact. 
Persons, therefore, entering a public mart where these 
vegetables are exposed for sale, and carrying with them 
any infectious disease, impart it to them, and tiie 
onions in their turn impart this to a greater or less ex- 
tent to whoever eats of them. 

They should by no means be dispensed with, but 
greater care should be used as to condition when 
eaten. 

CoKSTiPATioisr. — With fruits and vegetables we can 
always keep the bowels regular and prevent even the 
tendency to constipation, thus avoiding the use of 
disagreeable and sometimes injurious medicines. To 
eat or drink beyond the requirements of the natural 
appetite, is a great error, for the digestive organs will 
not convert more food into blood than is requisite to 
supply the needs of the body. 

Cheese is not a very digestible food, but a little 
makes other food digest. 

Milk is the best of jQluid foods, and in quality is very 
much like meat, and when new has all the kinds of 
food required by the body. 

Our Clothing. 

The amount and character of clothing depend en- 
tirely upon the physical condition and the weather. 



14 BLOOD AND BREATH. 

Persons differ as they do, or do not, perspire freely, 
and as their skins are sensitive. One who perspires 
readily needs flannel to prevent taking cold, whilst 
one who has a dry skin may wear cotton underwear. 
If there is too much warmth the body becomes re- 
laxed, and the health impaired. If there is too little 
warmth, the body becomes wasted by loss of heat. 
The rule above all is, to keep the feet warm and the 
head cool. The absence of a sufificient degree of heat 
often induces death. The clothing should be kept, at 
all times, dry. There would be less rheumatism if 
people would, when exposed to rain, change their wet 
clothing as soon as possible. No person should sit, at 
any time, in damp clothing, or sleep in a damp bed. 

Have ttie clothing loose, also the boots or shoes, so 
as not to impede the circulation of the blood. 

Parents should sufficiently clothe the lower limbs of 
children ; thousands are sent to untimely graves in 
the mistaken idea of rendering them tough by ex- 
posure. 

Bathing. 

Cleaklikess. — It promotes health, improves the 
personal appearance, and removes causes of offense to 
self and others. The skin throws out matters which 
the body does not need, and must get rid of, and these 
are removed by bathing. 

Cold baths, properly taken, harden the skin, and 
make one less liable to take cold. It is necessary, 
however, to use reasonable caution. 

If at any time, by undue exposure, a cold is con- 
tracted, great relief can be experienced by mixing a 
handful of common salt in about half a gallon of 
water, and bathing, especially the chest and back, and 
rubbing briskly with a coarse towel, and subsequently 



PUBLIC RECREATION. 15 

using the fiesh-brush. Over-use of the latter causes 
skin- eruptions, and it must, therefore, be used with 
judgment. 

The head, to be kept free from dandruff, should be 
bathed at least once, if not twice, a week, and rubbed 
dry. 'No oil should be used. 

The Brain— Study. 

The student takes too little exercise, eats too little 
food, looks pale and thin, and is weak, tending to con- 
sumption. He cultivates mind, but fails in common 
sense, and injures both body and mind. 

Two hours' mental work and half an hour's physi- 
cal and vocal exercise, would be a golden rule. 

In youth, it is desirable to follow a system of gym- 
nastics, so that the body may be held erect, and rest 
well on the hips, the legs lifted and thrown well for- 
ward in walking, the head erect, the chest open, the 
shoulders back, the lungs filled by deep inspirations. 

Public Recreation. 

In most other countries tban ours, recreation, 
amusement, and open-air pastimes are indulged in by 
the people at large. In " merrie England " whole days 
of general hilarity are quite frequent, and great 
masses of men, women and children gather to enjoy 
themselves. Their excursions and picnics are not mere- 
ly such, but mirthful, romping games are intermingled 
with them. In Scotland, during the warmer months, it 
is an universal custom, among even the better classes, 
to challenge parties at the game of Golf, and well-bred 
ladies as well as gentlemen follow the contestants for 
even a number of miles, to witness the amusement. 
The open country areas are sometimes covered for a 
great distance the entire day with those of an exer- 



16 BLOOD AND EEEATH. 

cising turn of mind. Besides this they have among 
the humbler classes the more sturdy kind of games. 
In Ireland the same spirit prevails, among the gentry 
as well as with the peasantry. With the latter it is 
generally of a wild, rollicking character, in which 
dancing is largely blended. 

In Germany, Switzerland, France, and many other 
countries, the people give great latitude to amusement 
and to exercise of all kinds. They sing more, they 
laugh more than we do. They live much in the 
outer air, even in the winter, and are healthier and 
stronger for it. The Germans are a singing nation, 
and rarely, if ever, die of lung diseases. We are a 
nation of consumptives. 

We may have the game of Base Ball, and formerly 
had that of Cricket ; and we may have Rowing Re- 
gattas ; but these are, in the main, confined to local 
clubs. The people at large only gaze wearily on. 

We have alluded to the games of other nationalities, 
which the people as a mass enjoy. Besides these they 
are universally taught the use of the broadsword, are 
skilled in fencing, wrestling, and have kindred otber 
forms of training, which give a more erect, graceful, 
and manlier carriage. 



Our people, by reason of greatly extended travel 
of late, which tends to intermingle nations, have 
observed the great difference, and are gradually turn- 
ing their attention, more and more, to the subject of 
exercise and open-air recreation. Our Central Park 
is an outgrowth of this spirit. We are beginning to 
learn that even in large cities, with wholesome 
food, plenty of fresh air and cheerful exercise, people 
can be healthy. 



INDOOR EXERCISE. 17 

There is something natuni], after all, in exercise, and 
it cannot be better illustrated than by the following 
tid-bit: 

One of our prominent lyceum lecturers had occasion 
to take an early morning train from an inland town to 
be able to meet his next engagement. As he stood on 
the platform of the station in the keen crisp air, he 
observed a man at the other end, dancing and caper- 
ing about in the utmost possible glee. At times he 
would shout, and clap his hands and bound from the 
flooring as beset with unseen spirits. Our lecturer 
thought he might possibly be some "maniac," and 
cautiously approached him to find out the reason, if 
any, of such an unusual demonstration at so unlikely 
an hour. He quietly asked, " What is the matter with 
you ? " The man continued his eccentric capers, but 
yelled out at the same time, ^' Gollij, I feel good!'' 

Indoor Exercise. 

There are times when, by force of weather and 
other circumstances, it is not agreeable or convenient 
to take open-air exercise and we must of necessity have 
an equivalent, within doors, in the shape of gymnastic 
efiorts, of some kind. 

Eecreation or amusement is absolutely necessary to 
health. Exertion in some form quickens the circula- 
tion, deepens the breathing, promotes perspiration and 
the secretions, stimulates digestion, arouses dormant 
parts and thus helps the body not only to take food 
but also to get rid of that which is not required. 

CoNSTiPATioisr. Physicians concur in the fact that 
indigestion, dyspepsia, constipation and similar ail- 
ments are brought on, especially by women, in ninety- 
nine cases out of a hundred, from want of exercise. 

It requires two hours of daily out-door exercise of 



18 BLOOD AND BREATH. 

some kind to preserve ordinary health. We know of a 
doctor recommending exercise as curative even of 
bronchitis, and the patient procured a Goodyear Pocket 
Gymnasium. 

The increase of the vital actions by exertion creates 
greater action within the body, more food is consumed, 
and the higher the health generally. With sloth there is, 
reversely, less vital action, and less health. There is a 
restriction, however, as to exertion. 

The best time for great exertion is two Hours after a 
meal. Soon after a full meal it is injurious. Violent 
or rapid exertion made by children is bad, but when 
considerately done is beneficial. Those who bend for- 
ward, should try to sit or stand upright. Proper exer- 
cise will regulate this. 

Mankind at best are lazy, and hate work, they dis- 
like anything that seems like work. They only exercise 
because they wish to be healthy. 

Sedentary persons become very tired and exhausted 
at the end of the day, and, though they greatly need it 
every day, are usually the least inclined to recreation. 
Men must exercise, must play, to unbend the mind. 
But this must not be overdone, for it is possible to 
induce exhaustion and disease in its turn instead of 
health. True exercise is that kind that can be reason- 
ably prolonged, not the violent. 

When the exercise is taken within doors, we should 
see well to the 

Ventilation. 

Thorough ventilation is necessary to the preserva- 
tion of health. We preserve life without food for a 
considerable time, but keep us without air for a very 
few minutes, and we cease to exist. It is not enough 
that we have air; we must have fresh air. " In the 



VENTILATION". 1 9 

act of respiration, a certain portion of the oxygen con- 
tained in the air inhaled into the lungs, is converted 
into carbonic acid — a substance which acts as a narcotic 
poison — and hence in a confined apartment, is soon 
rendered by breathing alone not merely incapable of 
maintaining life, but highly destructive." That vitiated 
air produces stupor, depression of the feelings, head- 
ache, and predisposition to take cold, is proved by very 
slight observation ; and upon few things is enHghtened 
medical experience more unanimous than that it either 
causes or greatly aggravates the most malignant dis- 
eases, such as fevers^ inflammations, infantine mala- 
dies, cliolera, scrofula, and consumption. 

The ascent of foul air to the top of the room dictates 
its exit in that direction, rather than low down. It is 
conceived by some that the carbonic acid of the breath, 
from its greater weight, must be chiefly at the bottom 
of the room ; but this is a mistake. 

In order to properly ventilate an apartment, the 
window-sash should be raised from the bottom to let 
in the fresh air, and lowered from the top to allow the 
foul air to escape. 

Oatarkh. — As this is so common, and yet so 
dangerous a complaint if suffered to continue, it may 
not be out of the way to speak of it. It is induced by 
remaining in dry, hot atmospheres, made so by fur- 
nace-heat, until the pores are unduly opened, and then 
changing suddenly to the cold outer air which con- 
tracts them. The nostrils are the first affected, and we 
have what is termed " a cold in the head." This goes 
and returns until, finally, it becomes comfirmed catarrh. 
Generous exercise, deep breathing, and practicing 
sounds made by the nostrils mainly, like "m," "n," 
"ng" will prove curative and even preventive in 
most cases. It is not advisable, however, to keep our- 



20 BLOOD A.ND BREATH. 

selves sliiifc up from fresh air, and live in oven-like 
dwellings as some appear to be. 

Oatarkh Exercise. — A capital exercise for the 
nostrils, to especially strengthen them against this 
disease, and sometimes even cure obstinate forms of it, 
is to gradually fill the lungs with air, and, when filled, 
firmly hold the nostrils with the thumb and forefinger 
and expand the lungs until the ears slightly feel the 
pressure, then removing the obstruction, burst the ac- 
cumulated air through the nostrils with all the force 
possible. It may seem disagreeable, but it is an excel- 
lent practice. 

General Habits. 

As regards the kind of exercise, and the amount we 
should take, in most instances it should be left mainly 
to our own feelings. We should never fatigue. To 
feel tired and be able to rest from the eflbrt is the 
best rule that can be given. 

It is related of Harriet Hosmer that when a mere 
girl she was puny, weakly, and her father, to inure her 
frame and give her strength, bought her a boat that 
she might practice rowing on the river near which 
they lived. She also became an expert in swimming, 
skating and similar boy-like exercises. She was taught 
to sport much in the open air, and had a clay-pit where 
she learned ^^ to model. " In this manner she acquired 
those hardier attributes that have so vastly aided her 
in her after years as artist in marble. 

We have omitted a class who exhibit the strength 
of athletes, and yet in quite a difierent manner, and 
we close this part with them. 

Endurance. 
We have quite a number of feats of strength and of 
endurance on record, among which may be mentioned 



WHAT OTHERS SAY. 21 

Weston in walking, Boynton (in his life-saving appa- 
ratus), and Webb (without appliance), in swimming, 
and perhaps Dr. Winship in lifting, but they are excep- 
tional men of their kind, and perhaps not to be ap- 
proved beyond other gymnasts. It is of the temporary 
character. 

What Others Say, 

BY DR. W. W. HALL. 

It is not true that the more violent the exercise the 
more healthy it is ; it is directly the reverse, for it is a 
shock to the system, it is an overstrain, and to that 
extent is a permanent injury to the delicate organiza- 
tion of the body, as much as the strain on a ship or 
the workmanship of a watch. 

As a general rule, base-ball men, cricketers, rowers, 
and those who have achieved victories in competitive 
games do not live long. Mr. John Lillywliitej the 
best cricketer in England, recently died before fifty, 
although he had a compactness of build which should 
have secured him a full three-score years and ten. He 
was a gentleman of intelligence, close observation, and 
good judgment, which led him to retire from the game, 
which he saw was undermining his constitution, and 
within a year after the acknowledgement he died. 

It is from the fatigue and overstrain that all com- 
petitive games are injurious to the constitution. To 
make exercise healthful, the strength must be expend- 
ed equally, steadily and deliberately. It is the plough- 
boy who lives to be an old man ; it is the steady 
laborer on the farm who may calculate on his " four- 
score." 

The reserve of strength with which a man starts out 
every morning is extended in two different directions, 
the brain or muscles, thought or work. Thought is 



22 BLOOD AND BKEATH. 

the more exhausting of the two: the farmer can work 
from morning till night from one week's end to an- 
other and thrive upon it ; the brain-worker cannot 
profitably spend more than six hours out of the twen- 
ty-four in working out his problems. The most suc- 
cessful and voluminous literary men of our time, who 
maintain their vigor to a good age, do not spend more 
than four or five hours at their desk, having found 
that that was the limit of their endurance and pleas- 
urable labor. 

A business man may walk home to great advantage 
physically, mentally, and morally, because the excite- 
ment of the day's work has b^en in the brain ; there is 
a large excess of blood there, extending almost to an 
inflammatory condition. Exercise of the muscles 
draws that surplus away from that important part and 
is expended on their own workings ; hence, when he 
reaches home, he feels less tired than when he left his 
office, — stronger, more buoyant. 

He commits a grave error who, having a heavy day's 
work before him, gets up earlier than usual that he 
may have more time to do it in, because, by lessening 
the hours of sleep, which gives strength, he begins 
the day with less than the usual amount, to do more 
work; the certain result will be that the work 
will not be as well done nor as easily. — Christian 
Weekly. 

The New England Journal of Education makes 
some sharp criticisms upon the current talk about 
overwork in schools : 

" * High pressure ' is a term in frequent use, as ap- 
plied to the present methods of school education. 
The expression is well enough ; but the application is 
wrong, for it belongs rightly, if anywhere, to the 
home rather than to the school training. 



WHAT OTHEES SAY. 23 

" When children are expected to enter polite society 
and adorn party exhibitions and ball-rooms at four- 
teen, it must be a high-pressure system which secures 
the precocious development. 'High pressure' in 
dress, in false reading, in eating and drinking, in 
fashionable society and high life, in late hours, and a 
round of nightly excitement — this is the kind that the 
press should hold up to public protest. It is high 
time that the nonsense, falsehood, and error abroad in 
the community were done away with concerning the 
slaughter of the innocents, by a few hours of daily 
attendance at healthy study. If our public schools 
are to be made the scapegoats for the sins of the peo- 
ple, it were well nigh time for the world to examine 
accusations which are so flippantly and thoughtlessly 
flung at them." 

Dr. Foss.— " The scholar especially needs brawn as 
well as brain ; because, in order to be a scholar, he must 
pay the ineyitable tax levied on every perpetual hard 
student, and also because the supreme practicable men- 
tal exertion, which is the business of his life, is di- 
rectly contingent on the fineness and fullness of his 
physical forces. Let the student, then, give earnest 
heed to the care and culture of his body. It is the 
home, the instrument, the mold, and the eternal com- 
panion of his soul. Let him know that sipping gruel 
and languidly lounging over books until his midnight- 
lamp burns low, can never make him either a scholar 
or a man. Let him eat beef and mutton in generous 
slices. Let him leap into every day as into a new 
paradise, over the wall of eight hours' solid sleep. 
Let him not cross his arms behind him, drop his head, 
and mope along the pavement, inwardly saying : ' I 
am walking for exercise.' Let him stretch away over 
the breezy hills, with fit companions, in utter forget- 



24 BLOOD AND EEEATH. 

fulness of lessons and essays, and sermons, until every 
drop of blood in liis veins tingles with the delight of 
mere animal existence. Let him hurl the ball, or 
pitch the quoit, or tug at the oar, or poise the rifle. 
Only let these things be done with the distinct recog- 
nition that we have a higher nature, and in such 
manner and measure as to do no harm to what is best 
and noblest in this loftier realm." 

Prof. HE:N^Ry Coppee.»-" If every man would take 
care of his own health, we would have the best sani- 
tary basis for all our grand objective schemes. The 
truest type of man, he who is to be the lord of crea- 
tion, who shall put nature to every test, who shall 
make the experiments and discern the ideal of Bacon, 
is he only who has what the Latin poet prayed for — 
a sound mind in a sound body. 

"With regard to physical health, every man who is 
not a fool is his own best physician. He consults his 
own feelings and they tell him a true story. Though 
knowing the health and strength of his bodily organs, 
it unfortunately happens that he too often overtaxes 
them. Our best men work too hard, because labor is 
the law, and because in the struggle there is no emi- 
nence without it. And with the habit of such work, 
comes the loss of the will-power to reform. Few men 
in active life and in social life sleep enough. Many 
of them, by overwork, injure their sleep, and the hurt 
body and hurt mind find no repose. So, also, many 
persons eat too much, and of things which do not agree 
with them. Others drink too much water, chiefly be- 
cause the system demands it to dilute rich and fiery 
food. For many, coffee is not good, and many drink 
their cofiee too strong and too much of it. Then, 
again, others use stimulants to a hurtful excess, espe- 
cially intoxicating drinks and tobacco, and some take 



WHAT OTHERS SAY. 25 

too little exercise to digest their food, to make them 
need sleep, and to keep their organs in healthy and 
reciprocal action. If, in a given society, every member 
should scrutinize his or her daily life, rightly dividing 
its hours and its duties, avoiding every excess, treat- 
ing doubtful luxuries as slaves, and not cringiug to 
them as masters, and studying hygiene according to a 
man's own needs, we should have a marvelous revo- 
lution in that society. An epitome of the subject is 
found in the apothegm of Sir Thomas Brown : ' Every 
man truly lives so long as he acts his nature, or some 
way makes good the faculties of himself.' " 

JoHiq- D. Philbriok. — " Of the persons born and 
educated in our cities within the last thirty or forty 
years, but a small proportion can be said, with truth, 
to possess a sound mind in a sound body. "We have 
but to open our eyes to see physical imperfection and 
degeneracy all around us. Under the present condi- 
tions of city life, at home and at school, a child stands 
a poor chance to enter upon the career of life having 
a good physical system, a body healthy, strong, well- 
formed, and of good size. . . . The principal rem- 
edy which I would suggest is the introduction, into 
all grades of our schools, of a thorough system of 
physical training as a part of the school culture. Let 
a part of the school-time of each day be devoted to the 
practice of calisthenic and gymnastic exercises, in 
which every pupil should be required to participate. 
The exercises which I would recommend can be prac- 
ticed without costly apparatus, and without a room 
set apart for the purpose; they contain all that either 
sex needs for the perfect development of the body, and 
are adapted to mixed schools, so that both sexes can 
perform them together." 

New England JouRiirAL of Educatiq]^. — " Orient 
2 



26 FOOD AND BEEATH. 

yourself!" was a golden precept of the past, and is 
yet in use by a few of the transatlantic nations. It 
means a knowledge of one's resources ; it implies 
power through wisdom ; excellence by culture. It em- 
bodied all of strength, whether of body, mind, or spirit. 
The ideal was the ijerfect man. The Orient, or East, 
was the cardinal point from which to learn one's direc- 
tion, to derive wisdom. 

"With us of a newer world and later day, the talis- 
manic word is '• Westiuard ! " meaning, in its turn, 
limitless wealth, extent, numbers. Then it was body, 
brain ; now it is domain, figures. Ciyilization advances 
with giant strides over our young republic, and like a 
mighty magician, leaves along her pathway the tower- 
ing mart of trade, the costly church, the stately school- 
house, the palatial mansion; and men's hearts gladden 
with these multiplying signs of greatness. We invite 
the Old World to look at our growth, and it stands 
amazed and wonder-stricken at the sight. But let us 
reflect a moment. The pioneers of all this were men 
of brawny chest and muscle. They kept that primi- 
tive strength and robust health as they toiled to build 
them homes and cultivate the soil. But as with their 
posterity the precious stores are disclosed, and wealth 
increases, the necessity of the more general manual 
labor diminishes, and luxury and its handmaiden, 
enervation, follow. From this cessation of labor and 
the consequent lack of muscular energy comes ill- 
health, disease and death. The great mass of the non- 
laboring portion — the sedentary — soon show the effects 
arising from over brain-work, in their eagerness to be 
^'o'ichj" and heretofore we have excited the ridicule 
of those nations who play more and live longer. It is, 
however, one of the encouraging omens of the times, 
and augurs well for our future, that we are seriously 



WHAT OTHEES SAY. 27 

turning our attention to exercise and recreation. In 
the larger cities, and in many of our best colleges, we 
have gymnasiums; college boat-clubs and the like are 
the outgrowth. Besides, we have many systems of 
" light ^' and "free ^' gymnastics, in which both sexes 
take active interest. Among the latter class has come 
one Avhich seems to be really the best contrivance yet 
invented. It is " Goodyear' s Pocket Gymnasium^ It 
possesses all the good qualities of the others, besides 
having one remarkable advantage over all. It is not 
only cumulative and diffusive, but also reflex, owing to 
its elastic properties. It is action and reaction at the 
same time, and consequently more harmonious in ac- 
tion with the muscles ; for they themselves are elastic. 
It has also a vibratory character, and while in tension 
imparts this to the entire body. 

Professor Frobisher, a leading elocutionist of ISTew 
York, author of ''Voice and Action," has incorporated 
this into his system of vocal and physical culture, and 
besides introducing it with most gratifying results into 
several colleges and seminaries, he has prepared a work 
to use with it. The principle has been adopted, seve- 
ral years past, by the boards of education in the same 
city, and others adjacent, in a less acceptable form. It 
is used in the New York Normal College, and the City 
College, and also in the public schools. This improved 
appliance, however, is fast gaining the preference. 



Beooklyk, December, 1875. — I consider the Good- 
year's Pocket Gymnasium the best system of genuine 
exercise I have ever met with. Especially on rainy or 
stormy days do I find it a welcome companion indeed, 
for it is then, when I cannot take my accustomed walk, 
tliat I throw open my windows and use the Pocket 
Gymnasium, until I find myself all aglow with the ef- 
fort. I think the inventors real benefactors to their 
kind. Settie Blume. 



Pocket Gymistasium. 



Enough has been said of the utility of this inven- 
tion, and now follow directions for its use and preser- 
vation. In extreme cold weather, warm the tube 
slightly before using. Being made of rubber, it is 
likely to be aifected if put in a small close drawer, and 
must therefore be kept where the air can reach it. By 
careful usage it will last a long time. If broken, how- 
ever, by harshly stretching, it is likely to occur near 
one of the handles. The smaller portion is easily re- 
moved, and the tube made whole by forcing the handle 
again in place. The cord is merely a controlling 
check, not absolutely necessary, and can be renewed 
by removing one of the handles. 

The single tubes are relative in their strength ; but 
the double 'No. 7 can be used even by the most deli- 
cate ladies to a very considerable, eventually increas- 
ing to the most satisfactory extent. By these exercises, 
too, ladies not only improve their health, but their 
personal appearance. As a rule, American ladies are 
narrow-chested, and, to better their figures, they resort 
to heating, disease-contracting appliances of wool or 
cotton, in the form of paddings. These exercises 
broaden the chest in all its parts, dispensing with these 
artificial aids, while it is surely being developed from 
nature's own materials. 

Never exercise just before or after a meal. Some of 
the exercises may seem too irksome at first, but prac- 



POCKET GYMNASIUM. 29 

tice will make tliem easier. Some may not seem 
enough for stronger men. Inventive minds can create 
others. By standing farther off from the hooks in No. 
7, it will make a vast difierence in the effort. 

If by peculiar condition persons experience ill effects 
from any kind of exercise, they can, with cautious 
practice, gradually overcome those tendencies with 
this appliance, from its being elastic, and so like the 
natural muscles, and in time exercise even vigorously. 
If the heart beat faster than is agreeable, at such times, 
it is not to be a matter of fear. Gentle exercise will 
remove unpleasant feelings arising in this way. 

Sleeplessness. — If sleepless, put on a portion of 
the clothing and exercise gently with a hand-tube, 
while pacing the room, until agreeably tired, not fa- 
tigued, and sleep will come. 

Clergymen and Public Speakers — Should not 
only regularly exercise with them, but should carry 
one and use it a short time before addressing an audi- 
ence. The blood will be kept in easy circulation by 
such a habit, and the voice be more sustained and con- 
fident in tone. 

As the exercises are quite different, and the tubes 
of varied strength, persons should use not only the 
single tube, but the double also. The author uses 
mostly the No. 7 in the double form, for the body and 
lower limbs, and less so the No. 6 for the arms and 
chest. The exercises of both generally amount to 
half an hour, twice, daily. 

Sxercises. 

In these exercises we commence with the hands and 
gradually advance to the arms, shoulders, neck, head, 
chest, body, legs, and feet until every portion of the 
frame is brought into complete action. 



30 POCKET GYMNASIUM. 

Begin moderately — never yiolently — breathe deeply 
at the same time— through the nostrils^ keeping the 
mouth determinedly closed. Gradually increase both 
the physical and yocal effort until a glow is produced, 
and the system agreeably tired. It would be of ad- 
ditional advantage, although more irksome, to shout 
aloud, in 2?ure tone^ the sounds of the vowels or conso- 
nants, even words and sentences, and whole paragraphs. 
See " The Charge of the Light Brigade." Recite it in 
full voice while exercising with tubes. The lungs in 
this manner will be doubly strengthened against disease 
and the voice made richer and fuller, and more power- 
ful. 

Hall's Jouekal or Health. — One of the best lift- 
ing-machines to be imagined, at very small cost. 

Now we have practiced some with lifting-machines 
to very good purpose. But we have never been infat- 
uated with them. We believe a set of -these tubes, 
running from small to large, with screw-hooks set at 
various angles in the wall and floor and ceiling, would 
be far more useful to us and to a family. 

These appliances leave nothing to be desired, as it 
seems to us. If chest, or back, or loins, or arms need 
exercise, this system gives it in perfection. 

"VVe keep a set of the larger sized tubes in our sleep- 
ing apartment, and use them from time to time with 
the keenest satisfaction. We have a set in our edito- 
rial room, and get no little genuine inspiration from 
their use. 

Doctors and ministers and lawyers are too apt to 
neglect the salutary use of the muscles which imparts 
activity to the circulation and tone to the system. 
They need some simple, handy means, for keeping the 
blood and the digestion active. This little gymnasium 
seems to furnish it. 

Here is the lift, and here are shoulder and arm ex- 
ercises. Hundreds of attitudes may be assumed, and 
nearly all the muscles, external and internal, are thus 
strengthened and vitalized. 



SINGLE TUBE. 



31 



SINGLE TUBE. 



H A N" D S 

AiTD Arms. 
— Grasp the 
handles with 
tube across 
lower limbs. ~"^^.^, 
Brace left ^ 

hand without 
touching the 
body. Pull 
strongly with 
r. h. to + at 
r. three to 
five times. In 

the same way with 1. h. Then alternately. Finally, 
both hands to full extent to + +. Then turn the 
palms of hands with thumbs at ends of tube, and re- 
peat the preceding exercises. To yary this, use r. h. 
with back and 1. h. with palm forwards : then change 
to 1. h. Be sure to breathe v/ell, and to be in earn- 
est. 




Fig. 1. 



Goodyear's Pocket Gymnasium was patented in 
June, 1875, and a number of Testimonials were re- 
ceived, and a portion of them placed on the circulars 
advertising the invention prior to the loth of Novem- 
ber. Since that time many others have been sent to 
the inventor, showing remarkable favor and reception 
in so short a time. 



32 



POCKET GYMNASIUM. 




Fig. 2. 



Arms 
AKD Shoul- 

D E E S. — 

With raised 
arms pull 
with r. h., 
then 1. h., 
then both to 
+ , each five 
times. 'Now 
change the 
grasp of the 
hands as in 
Pig. 1., and 

repeat the exercises. Then change the grasp again, 
with one back of hand and one palm forward, and give 
again all of the exercises. Now turn the backs of 
both hands to the chest, the elbows pointing front, 
and use first r. h., then 1. h., then alternate, and then 
both. Add others to these. 

Pull with r. 
h. to +. Then 

>j '---•»• •^-■-^'-'^TTTinTmr^^^Mirr'^r'^^^ilP^ change, and 

with 1. h. rest- 
ing on chest, 
pull as when 
using the r. h. 
Put the palms 
front and pull 
first witli r. h. 
thenl.h. Then 
one back of 
hand, and one 
Fig. 3. palm, fronting, 

and pull as before. Then alternate hands, and repeat all. 




EXAMPLES. 



33 







Fig. 4. 



Pull with r. h. np to +, 
then in a like manner with 
the 1. h. Change grasp with 
palms out. Then one back 
and one palm. Then alter- 
nate grasp. Add exercises. 




Eaise 1. h. and pull down 
with r. h. to +. Then place 
r. h. on shoulder and pull. 
Then place r. h. above head 
and pull down with 1. h. Now 
change with palms as before, 
and pull, making up different 
exercises at will. 



Fig. 5. 



New York Catholic Review. — It is all as repre- 
sented. 
2* 



34: 



POCKET GYMNASIUM. 




>s. 



Fig. 6. 



Hands high above the head. Pull r. h. only, then 
1. h. Then alternately, then both. Change one 
palm and repeat exercises ; change the other, then both 
and repeat. Add more exercises to these. 




Hands aboye the head. 
Pull with r. h. to 1. + and 
\ back to position five times. 
^ Hands as at first and fol- 
1 low carved dotted line to 
*^ J r. in front of the face. Al- 
ternate the movement by 
carrying hands as before, 
but back of the head. 
Change the exercise to 1. 
h. aud repeat, front and 
back, and alternate, five 
times. 



Fig. 7. 



EXAMPLES. 



35 



Arms, Chest, 

A Is- D L I is' s. — 
Place tube back 
of the neck, r. h. 
on the shoulder. 
Stretch to ex- 
treme, five times. 
Then with 1. h. 
Then alternate. 
Then both. 
Change grasp 
with thumbs rest- 
ing on ends of 
handles, and re- 
peat the exercises. Then alternate the grasp and 
repeat. Now extend the tube with both hands and 
swivel about from r. to 1. and back ; a capital exercise 
for the chest and loins. 

Head ai^d ^ 

Neck. — Place r. 
h. firmly over, 
and arm resting 
on the head, with 




Fia. 8. 



h. by side- f 



Pull with r. h. 
above head to 
full extent and 
back. Then pull 
up again, and 
gradually rais- 
ing! h., and al- 
low r. h. wliile 
tube is full ten- 




^^■^' 



Fig. 9. 



sion to follow dotted line to side of body. This brings 
the 1. h. to + on r. of, and the 1. arm on the head. 



36 



POCKET GYMNASIUM. 



'Now pull back reversely, full tension, to first position. 
Eepeat five times. 

>^*X /'""^ Spike and Loins. — 

I \ y I Hands in front. Eaise 

both as high as possible 
and over head, following 
lines back of body, 
stretching tube to utmost 
at beginning and end of 
exercise. Arms behind 
the body ; one resting on 
the shoulder, the other 
on the small of the back, 
by the hips; stretch up 
and down. Then re- 
verse the hands. Then, 
when tube is stretched perpendicularly, bend forward 
and backward, and sidewise, alternating the hands to 
vary the movement. 




Fig. 10. 




Fia. 11. 
r. h. then 1. h. back and forth rapidly 



Hands as in Eig. 10. 
Carry r. h. high over head, 
and lefc it fall back of 
body. Then back to posi- 
tion ; five times. Then, as 
before, r. h. high as possi- 
ple, and back of body. 
Both are now behind. 
Bring the 1. h. over head 
high as possible, to front. 
Eepeat. Then begin with 
1. h. in the same way, and 
repeat all. Now alternate 
the entire movement, first 



EXAMPLES. 



37 




Arms, Chest, Loi^-s, 
AND Legs. — Bend and 
touch below the knees, 
keeping the legs firm. 
Both hands high over 
the head, as the body- 
is brought erect, and 
follow dotted circle to 
back of lower limbs. 
Back and forth till 
tired. Then bend al- 
ternately to r. and 1. 
while bending forward 
and backward. 



Fig. 13. 



Trunk of Body and Legs. — Touch the floor 
with knuckles of r. h. Then follow dotted semi-cir- 
cle to 1. and touch with 1. h. Back and forth. Add 
by describing complete circle around the feet. 



Massachusetts Journal of Education. — The 
Pocket Gymnasium is becoming very popular in our 
public as Avell as our private schools. A device so sim- 
ple and efficient, and yet so inexpensive, commends it- 
self to every one. 



38 POCKET GYMNASIUM. 

THE CHAEGE OF THE LIGHT BEIGADE. 



This piece is inserted especially for practice with 
tlie tubes. Motions can be invented at pleasure to use 
at the call of Captain Nolan, as he gives the word of 
command, and others with semi-mimetic vocal repre- 
sentation at the detonation of the cannon, the rush of 
the horsemen, the bursting of shells. It give wonder- 
ful scope for energetic practice of the voice, and the 
movements of the body. 

"We know of both actors and clergymen who have 
resorted to similar devices, to work themselves ** up " 
and " into the spirit " of their efforts, preparatory to 
being given in public. An idea of this kind* pre- 
vailed among the ancients. The notion is, by no 
means, new. If the plan is faithfully followed, great 
benefit will surely be derived from such a course. 

Half a league, half a league, 

Half a league onward. 
All in the valley of death 

Eode the six hundred. 
" Forward, the Light Brigade ! 
Charge for the guns ! " he said. 
Into the valley of death, 

Eode the six hundred. 

" Forward, the Light Brigade ! " 
Was there a man dismay'd ? 
ISTot tho' the soldier knew 

Some one had blunder'd: 
Theirs not to make reply, 
Theirs not to reason why, 
Theirs but to do and die : 
Into the valley of death, 

Eode the six hundred. 



THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE. 39 

Cannon to right of tliem, 
Cannon to left of them, 
Cannon in front of them, 

Volley'd and thunder'd : 
Storm'd at with shot and shell, 
Boldly they rode and well : 
Into the jaws of death, 
Into the mouth of hell. 

Rode the six hundred. 

Plash'd all their sabres bare. 
Flashed as they turn'd in air, 
Sab'ring the gunners there. 
Charging an army, while 

AU the world wonder'd : 
Plung'd in the battery smoke. 
Eight thro' the line they broke : 
Cossack and Russian 
Reel'd from the sabre-stroke, 

Shatter'd and sunder'd. 
Then they rode back — bnt not, 

JSTot the six hundred. 

Cannon to right of them. 
Cannon to left of them. 
Cannon behind them, 

Volley'd and thunder'd : 
Storm'd at with shot and shell, 
While horse and hero fell, 
They that had fought, so well. 
Came thro' the jaws of death, 
Back from the mouth of hell. 
All that was left of them. 

Left of six hundred. 

When can their glory fade ? 
Oh, the wild charge they made ! 



40 



POCKET GYMNASIUM. 



All the world wonder'd. 
Honor the charge they made ! 
Honor the Light Brigade, 

Noble six hundred ! 




Fig. 14. 




FiQ. 15. 



DOUBLE TUBE. 

Each person must fol- 
low the dotted line high 
aboye the head, first with 
r. h. then with 1. h. Then 
alternate with both, five 
times. 



One should raise the 
r. h. the other the ]. h. 
Then raise from that posi- 
tion to -f- above the head by 
dotted line, and down. 
Eepeat five times. 
Eaise as before + and 
one person stretch 
tube and follow curv- 
\ ed line to side. The 
j other do the same. 
/ Then both at the 
/ same time. Now 
change hands and re- 
peat as before. Then 
alternate with both. 
Finally both at the 
same time. Addi- 
tional exercises can 
be invented. 



\ 



DOUBLE TUBE. 



41 



pulling, 
these. 



Each should 
raise one hand 
only, and the 
tubes will be 
crossed. Each 
pull at the same 
time with raised 
hand. Then pull 
with the hands 
at the sides. Then 
alternately. 
Then both at 
once. Then lean 
forward while 
Innumerable exercises can be devised from 





Fig. 17. 

Back to back. First, each separately with r. h. 
Then both with r. h. only. Then with 1. h. repeat the 
preceding. Then both persons with both hands. 
Then reyerse positions and repeat entire exercise. In 
this way each receives the same exercise. 



42 



POCKET GYMKASIUM. 



Back to back. 
Each with r. h. 
on shoulder. 
First one will 
raise r. h. high 
above the head 
and back, then 
the other. Ee- 
peat, stepping for 
ward at the same 
time. Then step 
back and let 
hands come back 
to shoulders as at 
first. Then both persons step forward raising r. h- 
One pull with r. h. resting on shoulder, then the other 
with 1. h. downward, forward. Then both r. h. Then 
both raise 1. h. to shoulder and r. h. by side, and re- 
peat exercise. Then both hands to shoulders and 
raise, to full height, each hand separately. Then both 
at once. Add exercises. 




Fig. 18. 



THE Al^CIENTS. 

The Ancients were nations of actors, orators and 
soldiers, and devoted their attention to the culture of 
physical, mental and moral strength and beauty. But 
unlike the moderns they were models of symmetrical, 
god-like power of body, mind and soul. As a conse- 
quence their lives were perpetual health and greatly 
lengthened. With all this they were accustomed to 
observe details, minutiae ; and given here, after such a 
fashion, is what might not inappropriately be termed 
antique exercises. 



VOCAL. 43 

AN EPITOME OE ANTIQUE DAILY EXER- 
CISES FOR TH-E ACTOR AND ORATOR. 

Eyebrows. — Raised — lowered— [tuith hand 7notions.] 

Eyes. — Wide — shut — fixed— rolling— vacant— [w?7^.] 

Nostrils. — Pin died — expanded to utmost [wiih 
ireath.] 

Mouth. — Vertical — lateral — side movements. 

Muscles of Face and Chin, in the same manner, 
separately. 

Head. — Draw and relax muscles right and left, 
forth and back. Raise — depress — side — forward — 
to chest. 

Chest. — Extreme height — suddenly sinking. 

Trukk. — Bound as in joy — writhe as in great 
agony. 

Arms. — Gestures. {See Voice akd Action. ) Exer- 
cises witli tube. 

Fingers. — Open — shut — straighten — curve — raise 
singly. 

Feet. — Bend — natural walk — sidling — enlarged 
walk — cross — traverse — long steps — (body and arms) 
turning back — backwards. 



VOCAL. 

Deep Breathing. — Breathe, hands on head ; lower 
hands ; then emit slowly, hands on hips, '' K." 

Voice. — Breathe — mouth enlarged sound the vowels 
—sound "Ha!"— Explosives — "Ba! be! bi! bo!" 
Stride with ease and read aloud with large voice, with- 
out strain, pure, round tone, and gesticulate freely. 

General Exercise. — "Walk a mile each day as fast 
as possible, or run three. This will exercise very 
nearly all parts of the body, lungs as well as limbs. 



44 



POCKET GYMJS^ASIUM. 



Directions for the Complete Gymn'asium. — 
The hooks must be fastened in hard wood, not in the 
softer quality of pine, or they will work loose and come 
out. It is better to procure a piece of ash, or similar 
wood, about 8 feet in length, 6 inches wide, and 1|- 
thick, ours cost 50 cents, and secure it by 4 large 
screws (3 in.), top and bottom and intermediate disr 
tances, to door-jam or stout partition. Put the hooks 
about an inch from either side of this board and they 
will then be 4 in. apart. The first (2) as high as you 
can reach and hang on the tubes, the second, the 
length of tube and about an inch below those, the 
third and fourth in a similar manner. Extra hooks 
can be fastened in a portable board on which you can 
stand, or in the floor at different distances and in vari- 
ous directions to suit the fancy. Additional sets to 
these can be fastened overhead in a broad doorway, 
or in the beams of a ceiling. Ways can be devised to 
add numberless exercises to these already given, and, 
if necessary, tubes of any strength and size desired can 
be made to order, or hooks put to either size below No. 7. 

Put the tubes on the high- 
est hooks facing them. Pull 
with r. h. down to -I-. Then 
with 1. h. Alternate. Then 
both, five times. Now stand 
off as far as possible, and re- 
peat. Then stand moderate- 
ly off and tarn the head 
under r. h. tube until the 
face is brought to the front. 
Then turn back and under 
the 1. h. Now face as before 
and pull up and down brisk- 
ly as if chopping wood. 

Fio. 19. 




COMPLETE GYMNASIUM. 



45 



Back to the liooks. First, r. h. 
Thenl.h. Then both to +. Now 
put tubes above shoulders and 
down as before. Then change 
grasp of the hands and repeat. 
Change again and repeat. Now 
pull down behind the bod}^, re- 
peating movements. Now raise 
hands high above the head, stand 
well out, tube in full tension, let 
hands fall, stepping forward, and 
pull till the arms are twisted back- 
ward and the body bent forward. 
Then return to position by re- 
verse movement. Eepeat rapidly a 
number of times. 




Fia. 20. 



Back to hooks, arms on 
shoulders. Pull r. h. down 
to + . Then up curved line to 
+ . Return to first + and 
back to position. Then 1. h. 
Then alternate. Then both. 




Fig. 21. 



4:6 



POCKET GYMNASIUM. 




Hands as before. Pull r. 
li. to + and back to posi- 
tion. Tiien high up to + 
and back. Then 1. h. Then 
alternate. Then both, in 
each moyement. 



Fig. 22. 




Fig. 23. 

way. Then alternately, 
the head and out to + 
hand. 



Pass r. h. 
oyer head, 
with tube in 
full tension 
and follow 
line to + 1. 
of the body. 
Then follow 
curved line 
across the 
body to the 
r. Then back 
to first +. 
^ Then to posi- 
tion. Then 
1. h. the same 
Now bring both hands oyer 
+ and finish as with single 



COMPLETE GYMNASIUM. 



47 




Tubes on next hooks below. 

Face them and pull r. h. 

Then 1. h. Then alternate. 

Then both. Now stand 

quite close to them, and ex- 
tend the arms boldly, bend 

the body well down to floor. 

Eepeat five times. Then 

pull out back of body stand- 
ing as before, first r. h. 

Theu 1. h. Then alternate. 

Then both. Then raise 

tubes high over head in 

same position, and repeat. 

Now stand as far as possible from hooks, on tip-toe, 

and repeat. Then up and down briskly, constantly 
exercises. Now back to the hooks, pull 
Then follow curved line down. Then 
Then to position. Then with 1. h. Then 

alternate. Then both. Now make circles forward 

with r. h. Then 1. h. Then -alternate. Then both. 

Then circles backward. This is a kind of " Eowing 

Exercise." Now tubes over 

the shoulders and repeat all. 

Then raise r. h. high up. 

Then 1. h. Then both and 

add exercises. 



Tubes on next set of hooks. 
Face hooks. Pull r. h. Then 
1. h. and repeat. Then back 
to hooks. Pull r. h. Then 1. 
h. and invent others. 



varying the 
r. h. to -h. 
back to + . 




Fig. 25. 



48 



POCKET GYMNASIUM. 




Tubes on the shoulders. 
Pull r. h. to + and back to 
position. Then 1. h. Then 
r. h. out and follow curyed line 
back to position. Then 1. h. 
Then both. Then bend for- 
ward. Then backward, five 
times. Then sway to r. and L 
Then describe a circle with the 
trunk of the body. 



Fig. 26. 




Fig. 27. 



Cross the arms over the 
breast, with tubes over the 
shoulders. Carry r. h. 
high over the head follow- 
ing the line to +. Then 
1. h. Then the 1. h. is 
brought back by the line 
to position. Then the r. 
h. Then both at once fol- 
low lines to sides. Then 
both back to position. 



1290 Broadway, New York, December, 1875.— 
Gents: Your Pocket Gymnasium is not only the 
simplest and least expensive of gymnastic apparatus, 
but really the very best. I have made up my mind to 
use it daily, and hope to be able to advise its use large- 
ly among my friends. — Joseph Delphiit, Jr. 



COMPLETE GYMNASIUM. 



49 



Tubes on lower 
hooks. Face them. ^^' 
Pull r. h. Then 1. h. /' 
Then both. Then back / 
to hooks. Arms on « 
shoulders, hands down \ 
the back. Pull r. h. 
directly up. Then 1. 
h. Then both. Then 
r. h. high up follow 
curved line to side. 
Then 1. h. Then al- 
ternate. Then both. 
Sway back and forth 
and sidewise, using the Fig. 28.* 

hips vigorously. Now stand off from hooks, pull and 
sit quite down to floor and rise a number of times. 




Put one tube on 
one of the highest 
hooks and the 
other on the low- 
est. Face them 
and jDull down 
with r. h. and up 
with 1. h. Change 
hands and repeat. 
Now ]3ull, both 
handles in r.h., up 
and down, in and 
out. Then 1. h. 
Now back to hooks and repeat 




Now face hooks, 



* Take a low stool and you have the Rowing Exercise. See 
p. 47. 

3 



50 



POCKET GYMNASIUM. 



and pull to full tension, standing well out, and revolve 
under to r. h. then to 1. h. Change hands and reverse 
the whole movement. 



Put one tube on the highest, 
the other on the middle hook. 
Pull down and out with r. h. 
Then with 1. h. Then both. 
Then back to hooks. Pull r. h. 
tensely across the face to + and 
the 1. h. high over the head by 
the line. Eepeat back and forth. 
Then change hands and repeat. 
Change grasp of hands and re- 
peat in varied ways. 




Fig. 35. 




Put one tube on the high- 
est and one on the lowest 
hook. Swivel on the upper 
hook r. h. around the head, 
and reverse the movement 
a number of times, using 
the lower hook 1. h. in a 
similar way. Change hands 
and repeat. A little atten- 
tion to the Figure will make 
this plain. 



Fig. 31. 



COMPLETE GYMNASIUM. 



51 



*> 
f** 



Place the 
tubes on the 
hooks over the 
head. Walk 
forward as far 
as possible, 
holding only r. 
h. ; then Avith 
1. h., then both. 
Now forward. 
Then back- 
ward as far as 
possible. Then 

follow circle to Frj. 32. 

r. Then to 1. Then pull as if to sit down^, and spring 
up and down. Stand on r. foot. Then on 1. Then 
on tip-toe. Then on the heels, and repeat all. Then 
pull down by arms alone. Then spread the arms out 
as far as possible. Then pull one forward, the other 
backward. Reverse, and add others. Change grasp 
of hands and repeat all. If the ceiling is very high 
add a strong wire or cord to lengthen the tube and ar- 
range to suit. 




North-Westeris' Ohio Normal School, January 
21, 1876. — Sometime since I received Nos. 5, 6, and 7 
of your Pocket Gymnasium, and must say they are ad- 
mirably adapted to physical culture. My wife has 
been using them regularly ever since they were re- 
ceived, and expresses herself much improved physically 
thereby. My opinion is that their general introduction 
into the families of our land w^ould save immense ex- 
pense in the way of doctor-bills, and would add largely 
to the sum total of human happiness. All who have 
seen the tubes express themselves highly pleased. 

I. Fraise Eichard. 



53 POCKET GYMNASIUM. 

The Pocket Gymn"Asium. — The end of the law of 
hnman development is a sound mind in a sound 
body, and the means for developing are nourishment 
and exercise. The latter is as essential as the former. 
Without exercise body and mind both become enfee- 
bled. It is proper that an equilibrium of vigor should 
be as near as possible maintained between them. A 
delicately organized system will soon succumb to the 
constant strain and wear of an active and vigorous 
intellect; and, on the other hand, where the means of 
development are applied to the bone and muscle — the 
animal powers exclusively — the mind dwarfs, and the 
neglect has its fruition in imbecility. Weighing the 
matter thus, it will be seen that human beings owe it 
to themselves as much to adopt a course of physical 
culture as to foster the growth of the mind. A power- 
ful force working in a weak frame will soon shake it 
to pieces. For this reason no institution for the edu- 
cation and training of youth is complete without it has 
a gymnasium or play-ground attached. A well-devel- 
oped physique is less vulnerable to the assaults of dis- 
ease than one that is feebly charged with the animal 
forces ; exercise is essential to this animal develop- 
ment, hence exercise which preserves a healthy condi- 
tion is better than medicine, which does not commence 
its ofl&ces until after disease has effected an entrance. 
But it is not expedient for every person to attend 
gymnasiums or join in out-door sports. Yet even those 
who cannot need not suffer. Every one can have a 
gymnasium at home. " Goodyear's Pocket Gymna- 
sium," an appliance for exercising and developing the 
muscles of the body, is presented to the public as a 
perfect system of physical culture for home use. — -iY. 
Y. Mivs. 



part second. 
Elocutioe" in Oeatoet. 



The Elocution of oratory is the " action " on which 
the greatest orator of old Greece laid such stress, when 
asked the secret of his mighty power. It is the " man- 
ner ^^ to which the greatest of Eoman advocates as- 
cribed such infinite importance. 

The orator's art is especially severe in its require- 
ments, and calling as it does for the highest qualities 
of the mind, and for their expression through the me- 
dium of cultivated skill of voice, of grace of movement 
and of action, it may be well considered the master 
art of arts. When we consider the greatness and var- 
iety of the qualities which are required to be blended 
in the form of oratory, and which must be the result 
of the most laborious preparation, and the most assid- 
uous study, it ought hardly to be wondered at why so 
few comparatively succeed in reaching an acknowledged 
height above their fellows. 

Many may write well, but oratory means more than, 
rhetoric. Words merely spoken are not as effective as 
the written page, silently but reflectively perused. 
Ideas when given to the voice must be vitalized, souled, 
acted. Even the addition of feeling and imagination 
is not sufficient. There is needed, beside the living 
vehicle of transmission, the '•Uiction^'^ the ^^ manner, ^^ 
the elocution of oratory. 

Elocution in the strictest sense implies only the 



64 ELOCUTION IN OEATORY. 

study of voice and action, and constitutes but one 
part of oratory ; but this one part is practically the 
most important. It is on this portion that effective- 
ness mainly depends, for in its just and appropriate 
use we find the livmg expression of language. Its 
weakness is the cause of the greatest difiiculties of 
public speech. Ehetoric, however finished, alone can- 
not satisfy the ear; nor can imagination and taste 
compensate for inadequate vocality, and meagre, awk- 
ward gesticulation ; and yet, strange as it is, this por- 
tion appears to have always been the most neglected, 
and the least understood. From its incipient stages 
of development, when men first harangued their fel- 
low men with the tones of leaders, oratory has had no 
practical notation, as relates to a method of delivery, 
and also in other features, whereby students might 
facilitate their progress. The very basis of communi- 
cation, the foundation on which language, taste, feel- 
ing, imagination all rest, without which all is as noth- 
ing, has been the least studied, and seemingly the 
most difficult of mastery. 

When we refer back with any degree of certainty to 
its primeval recognition as a public power, the name of 
Demosthenes seems to be almost coeval with that of 
oratory. At the outset of his career he relied mainly 
on his zeal in a public cause, but from wretchedly de- 
fective powers of utterance he failed; and yet, in his 
'after successes, we learn of no positive system by which 
he improved ; nor do we find more than the idea of re- 
peated practice without pre-arrangement or prescribed 
rule in the suggestions given him by his actor friend, 
who recited some lines from a tragedy as a model for 
his imitation, and thus showed him wherein he lacked. 
All that we can gather is, that he was profoundly in earn- 
est, and that his determination sent him to the sea- 



ELOCUTION IN ORATORY. 65 

shore to shout with pebbles in his month for the pur- 
pose of ridding himself of his vocal defects, and that 
he recited from favorite authors while in the act of 
leaping over various obstacles and while running np 
steep hills, in order to acquire command of his breath 
so as to enable him to repeat the longest passages of 
his orations, while in actual delivery, with single inha- 
lations. Both of these peculiar and very irregular 
and unsystematic means, seem to have originated with 
himself, and to have effected, in the course of time, 
very remarkable and useful results. We sometimes, in 
these days, smile at the story of the pebbles, and at 
another also, about the cave, with the sword hung 
above his shoulders, knowing as we do, the needless- 
ness of such appliances. When we see the marked 
evidences of the surpassing refinement of the ancients, 
and read of their almost perfect conceptions of high 
art in other directions, we are forced to wonder why 
they could not methodize vocalization in oratory. 
True, we read of many features of ancient oratory and 
acting being perfected to a most wonderful degree. 
Even the common people so completely understood 
the beauties of rhetorical composition, and felt their 
sense of hearing so shocked by their best tragedians, if 
an nndue quantity, too much or too little, were given 
to the measure, or if a syllable was omitted or added 
to the line, that the one so offending was indignantly 
hooted off the stage. Yet these same people asked 
Demosthenes, after having once hissed him, and not 
allowed him a hearing, how he afterwards attained 
such mastery, evidently not knowing any precise 
method, and he himself was not able to otherwise 
than thrice repeat the word " action^^ which neither 
he nor they could comprehend in all its import. 
Koscius, the greatest of ancient actors, systematized 



56 ELOCUTioisr in oratory. 

a metliod of gesture, even including such details as 
the moyements of the fingers. Quintillian also speaks 
in his Institutes of a prescribed meaning for the move- 
ment of each finger. But with all their learning in 
those days, with all their splendid eloquence, there 
were movements of the voice of which they knew noth- 
ing, and for those unconsciously used and accidently 
and irregularly obtained, they had no plan by which 
to benefit a grateful world to which they have given so 
much otherwise in literature and in art. 

As proof of this, there might be added to the toiling 
and drudging of a Demosthenes, the fact that Cicero 
at first so strained himself through ignorance of laws 
controlling the use of the voice in public, that he was 
urged by his physician to entirely desist lest his life 
should be endangered. 

While reading of these men and their times, we 
glean still further that it was customary among the 
orators to have slaves at their sides with a pipe to 
pitch the key requisite to be heard satisfactorily and 
agreeably by the assembled multitude. Circumstances 
might at first seem to necessitate the use of some such 
instrumentality. The audiences were much larger as- 
semblages of people than now, for they mainly received 
instruction from their orators, and came from all parts 
of their country to listen, and the gathering place was 
in the open air, instead of as in our closed auditoria ; 
but when we reflect that in our times many thousands, 
in some instances more than twenty, have been ad- 
dressed in open-air assemblages and without relying 
upon any instrumentation whatever to guide the 
voices of the speakers on such occasions, we strongly 
incline to the belief that has been advanced by many 
able writers, that modern public speaking has in most 
respects, at least practically, equaled, if not surpassed 



ELOCUTION IN ORATOEY. 57 

that of the ancients. They had, it is true, schools of 
oratory in which they were first taught grammar, then 
rhetoric, and lastly elocution. Cicero himself speaks 
of the cultivated orator as having the mind of the rhe- 
torician, the voice of the tragedian, and the grace of the 
posturer. And yet it would appear as if he were vo- 
cally untaught when he began his career, for his voice 
was harsh, shrill, and in " a state of nature." Cicero 
was well cultivated in the arts of grammar and rhe- 
toric, but it would seem as though he had not passed 
through the instructions of the teachers of the voice, 
the plioncaii as they were called, nor attended any of 
the schools of elocution in order to strengthen his 
lungs. In these schools of practical oratory, among 
other vocal gymnastics, they required their pupils to 
lie supinely on their backs, and then with heavy 
weights placed upon their chests, they were made to 
inhale freely with their lungs, and shout loudly so as 
to harden and invigorate those powers that apper- 
tained more immediately to the practice of the elocu- 
tion of oratory. We might doubt the utility of such 
extreme external means, as destructive of the elasticity 
of the vocal organs, and as tending to promote a 
coarseness in general strength, and believe rather in 
the unconstrained but full use of the lungs and 
chest. From all that they have left upon record of 
such matters, they evinced but a limited and partial 
knowledge of a really genuine creative system, certain 
in its application and effectiveness. 

Quintillian in his reviews and critiques of the 
great orators of his time, does not make mention of 
them in such a manner as to lead one to believe, that 
the abstract principles of the art were especially prac- 
ticed by them. They were eloquent, indeed, but their 
powers must be attributed to indirect rather than pre- 
determined efforts, guided mainly by instinct and an 



58 ELOCUTION IN ORATOEY. 

inherent perception of truth. Many, indeed most, of 
our modern orators, have also worked and continue to 
work in the same general way as did those of old. At 
all times, oratory would seem, even among the best, to 
be merely a matter of impulse. Because oratory was 
not recognized with a true idea of system among the 
ancients, and because it did not receive any impetus, 
it does not follow that some strongly marked system 
cannot exist. It may not be practicable here, nor is 
it necessary, to advance more than the opinion, that 
elocution, like music, has its pre-established prin- 
ciples, but that they have not yet been as well de- 
veloped. Like music, it has a symbol or sign, for 
every degree or shade of sound possible to be produced 
in speech, which, while it could be written accurately 
by the one, could be reproduced vocally, just as ac- 
curately by thousands. We hear them in a variety of 
ways in the best speakers, but are not as able to trace 
them or to commend their execution, as in listening 
to the efforts of musical celebrities. 

Since oratory has had a recognized utility as a pro- 
moter of enlightenment, it has had swarms of disciples, 
for it is a popular art ; but it has been only the great 
few of each age that have had the courage, the hardi- 
hood of mind and body, to toil and drudge by indi- 
vidual, torturing progression, guided by impulse alone, 
and a kind of instinct as it were; and as a reward the 
world calls them great, simply because they have done 
more than others. In seeking the greatest orators of 
all times, it is not necessary to go back even beyond 
our own day; for it has confidently been believed, 
that Webster — America's pride — was the equal, if not 
the superior of any of the ancients. He has frequent- 
ly been compared to Demosthenes, as regards his 
general style, as far as is possible to judge from the 



ELOCUTION IN OEATOIIY. 59 

some what limited means at hand and from the 
records of the past. He commenced yonng, indeed, 
and having been taught by his father, we find him at 
the early age of ten or twelve years reading the Bible 
— that most eloquent of books — with such spirit and 
meaning, as to offer an extra inducement to the hardy 
New England teamsters to "lay over" Saturday nights 
at his father's roadside home, which served as an inn 
to those willing to accept its humble comforts. His 
after-efforts were as indirect and systemless as those 
of his old prototype. 

In this connection another great name presents 
itself, one considered by many as not an unworthy rival 
— Clay. His method did not differ materially from 
that of Webster, for we are told that he merely re- 
hearsed aloud his orations, to the cattle in the barn, 
before giving them to the public. He also taught his 
favorite pupil — Bascom — in the same manner, by imi- 
tation ; and his loroUge afterward went shouting his 
hymns and sermons along the roadside, in the ob- 
scurer country parts, sometimes to the infinite amuse- 
ment of strangers. On one occasion, a traveler 
stopping at the same inn, asked the landlord, if it was 
" an escaped lunatic he had met on the road." The 
landlord playfully told him that such was the case, 
and asked him whether he desired to hear him preach. 
On Sunday, after the sermon, the landlord inquired of 
the stranger how he liked him. The answer was, " if 
that man was a lunatic, he wished all clergymen were 
like him, for it was the best sermon he had ever heard 
in his life." Other great characters present them- 
selves: Everett, who it is stated had a room doubly 
walled and of extra thickness, so that sounds could 
not be heard from without, and in which he practiced 
his orations previous to their delivery in public. 



60 ELOCUTION IN OEATOEY. 

Sumner was accustomed to rehearse before a looking- 
glass. Banks was the stage-manager of an amateur 
dramatic association in his native jolace, Waltham. 
Gerritt Smith confesses to a daily half-hour practice 
with his voice. Wendell Phillips, when asked his se- 
cret, merely replied, "The burning love of truth in 
my heart that must come out.^' 

Across the water we have had Curran with his stut- 
tering speech, Sheridan with his diffidence, and G-rattan, 
who in practicing in his room so terrified the maid 
outside, that she declared he was "crazy," for he kept 
repeating, " Mr. Speaker ! Mr. Speaker !" *^ while there 
was no one in the room but himself." Pitt, who was 
early taught by his father to read Shakespeare, and 
even then gave an earnest of his great fame as a speaker; 
and lastly the wonderful Lacordaire, known best per- 
haps in Paris, was at first a great faihire on account of 
the weakness of his voice and physique. Mention can- 
not be made of him without reference to a most re- 
markable means he took on one occasion when being 
obliged to preach on the Crucifixion, of imbuing 
himself more deeply with the spirit of his sermon. 
For this purpose he erected in the basement of the 
rectory a rude cross, to which he attached himself and 
remained in solitary thought, suspended eight hours. 
Then passing directly to the sanctuary without rest or 
nourishment, he delivered one of the most thrilling 
and eloquent discourses ever heard in Notre Dame. 
Of all those mentioned, not one appears to have had a 
directness of purpose, or to have been guided by the 
method of any of those who had gone before him; but 
«ach seems to have relied mainly on personal effort, 
and to have progressed proportionately to the power 
thus expended, and in accordance with a certain judg- 
ment of his own, that has found more or less of right 
without really knowing the cause. 



ELOCUTION m ORATOEY. 61 

While thus particularly dwelling on the vocality of 
oratory, it might not seem a digression to note the fact, 
that actors are generally best self-taught in the practical 
branch, or what constitutes the ''manner''^ of oratory. 

It was to an actor that Demosthenes owed his first 
impressions as to what he most needed. Eoscius was 
probably a greater actor than Cicero was an orator. 
Garrick was certainly a much better actor than many 
men of his time were orators. Even Pitt, Lord Ers- 
kine, and many others, were only too proud of the op- 
portunity of improving their elocution, while listening 
to the majestic and inspiring representations of the 
great actress Sarah Siddons. One reason that might 
be assigned why actors are so much better disciplined, 
is, from the frequent repetition of the same characters 
for years. They each time become more familiar with 
the language, and, working upon the principle that 
new ideas are to be developed with each rendering, it 
approaches more and more toward the ideal of per- 
fection. The actor studies a whole life-time upon 
comparatively a limited range of characters, and only 
occasionally, as it were, adds a new one to his memorized 
repertoire. Mrs. Siddons, of the eighteenth century, 
after playing Lady Macbeth for thirty years, remarked, 
that she had not finished her study of the part. With 
the orator how different. He rarely repeats an ora- 
tion ; if he does, it is only that all who have not heard 
may hear it, and then it is supplanted by another. 

Referring once more to the ancients, we are con- 
strained to believe that in one of the most important 
features of vocality they must have been sadly at 
variance. They were almost faultless in their rhetoric, 
for we know their diction is most wonderful and felici- 
tous. But the bondsman with his pitch-pipe ; Demos- 
thenes endeavoring to pronounce the longest para- 



62 ELOCUTION IN OEATORT. 

graphs in a single breath; Hannibal riding up and 
down the front while in the act of exhorting his army 
— all force us to think that they must; have been in a 
great measure declamatory in their delivery, however 
eloquent through other means. Their efforts may 
have been grander and more majestic, but they cer- 
tainly must have been less natural. Even their plays 
affected this style, for we are told that their actors, in 
the representation of gods and mythical characters, 
increased their stature by artificial means, and also 
wore enormous masks to give facial dignity, and to 
add reverberations and rotundity to their voices, thus 
enabling them to more aptly portray the supernatural 
element of tragedy. In the reign of Tiberius, it was 
not uncommon for an audience of no less than eighty 
thousand to assemble in an inclosure, open at the top, 
to be entertained by some festival or dramatic display 
in honor of a victory, or on a gala day, and it seems to 
have been necessary to sight and hearing, to resort to 
such extraordinary means. 

The largest entirely closed audience room on this 
continent, is that of the Cathedral of Montreal, seating 
eight thousand people, while there is standing room 
for four thousand more. Thus twelve thousand can 
collect under one roof to witness at least, if they can- 
not hear, the ceremonies of State occasions. There 
have been persons, who, doubtless, could have been 
distinctly heard even in that enormous structure. 
Whitefield addressed an audience of twenty thousand 
people in the open air, and was plainly heard far be- 
yond the borders of that mass of human beings. Spur- 
geon is easily heard by congregations in the largest 
hall of London. Hepworth, of our own city, with ap- 
parently the utmost ease, has repeatedly spoken to the 
largest audiences that can possibly be assembled in any 



ELOCUTION IN ORATORY. 63 

of our places of public meeting, and not even the most 
off-hand expression has been lost, so wonderfully pene- 
trative is his voice. The last-mentioned gentleman has 
regularly practiced the best, that is thus far known of 
elocution under formal instruction, and personally con- 
tinues in daily vocal drill. He is really the best living 
illustration we have among us of the efficacy of such 
practice. We pronounce him without hesitation, the 
best biblical reader it has been our good fortune to 
hear in the pulpit. We particularly remember his 
reading the story of Daniel cast into the lion's den. 
Such excellences are so very rare that we cannot apolo- 
gize, but rather take pleasure in digressing to make 
note of them. 

Beecher has a powerful voice which was at first very 
defective ; but he received, when a young man, special 
elocutionary drill, and reverts back to his old associa- 
tions and his shoutings in the woods, with evident de- 
light. Chapin also stands out from his fellow preach- 
ers as another example of cultivated training of the 
voice. It was once claimed by many that he was the 
best reader of hymns known in the pulpit. People 
have actually attended his services merely to hear him 
read the hymns. 

Many more bright names might be added to the list 
of toilers, and something said of their hard, severe, 
plodding style of work ; but not one of these orators 
of past or present times has told his fellows, or left to 
his followers, a labor-saving method to make the road 
more easy, or in any special way to lessen its difficul- 
ties. 

Cicero and Quintillian theorized upon the subject, 
but Betterton, the actor, claims to have been the first 
Englishman that ever attempted to define a method 
of study, in his work entitled Action and Utterance. 



64 ELOCUTIOI^ IN OEATOKY. 

Aaron Hill, another celebrity in dramatic annals, 
wrote The Art of Acting, a. y^T"^ gIqnqv ^\ovk', Walker 
prepared a treatise that he subsequently considered 
false in its main features ; Austin has given the world 
his Chironomia. Steele his Prosodia Rationalis, and 
finally came Dr. James Eush (and he not an ora- 
tor), to eclipse them all by his great work, The Phil- 
osophy of the Human Voice, w^hich he claims after 
all his labor to be only an introduction to a vast, un- 
explored intellectual field, yet to be made knoAvn to 
man. This man of wealth, culture, and learning, a 
munificent patron of music and the dramatic art, pro- 
foundly imbued with a genuine love, amounting to al- 
most worship of them, conceived the design of trac- 
ing out the principles of the latter art, that had caused 
him, of the two, the utmost gratification. He had lis- 
tened to the best orators and actors of the day, but it 
was not until he sat charmed and enraptured with 
the inspired and majestic renderings of that wonder 
of the British stage, Sarah Siddons, that he really be- 
gan his self-appointed task. He determined to ana- 
lyze and reduce to elements the secret of her thrilling 
and awe-inspiring intonations, to learn how the voice 
in its movements produced such awful effects as the 
multitude experienced in listening to one so gifted. 
He digresses in his work, for a few liues, to pay her 
homage, and to acknowledge that she first prompted 
him to undertake this analysis. *' The vision of the 
great actress was before him," and tlius amid the con- 
stant claims of a professional life, during such mom- 
ents as he could snatch from other duties, even while 
riding or walking, did he experiment and prepare an- 
other of the many monuments to his fame; and that 
fountain from which the future orator or actor can de- 
rive many toil-saving benefits, if he will faithfully fol- 



ELOCUTION IN ORATORY. 65 

low its precepts. This work Dr. Eusli claims only as 
a beginning — but in it he gives all the primary princi- 
ples, showing their application, and it only remains for 
others to follow the road thus opened, and to amplify 
and extend the search in detail, to study out the com- 
plex variations of these fundamental principles, and 
eventually elevate oratory to the position of a science 
as exact as that of mathemetics. It only remains for 
speech to have its acknowledged signs like music, and 
then orators will be recognized like vocalists in music, 
by their capability of expression through those sym- 
bols; for it is not to be inferred that even with a com- 
plete system and notation, a man can be made auto- 
matically its comprehensive master any more than of 
music, painting or the plastic art, by the aid of their 
principles alone. Precepts make the way easier, and 
our efforts more determined. All men can sing by 
method, but after all it is only the privileged few that 
can sing well. When oratory, with its grammar, rhet- 
oric, and elocution, has been fully developed in all its 
purport and meaning, adding truth, taste, sensibility 
and imagination, and other glorious attributes, the 
world will witness models more nearly approaching 

the PERFECT MAIT. 



SoMETHiN-G ISToBBY. — Gum-elastic, or India-rubber, 
is a wonderful thing. It stretches like a politician's 
conscience, and comes back again with the same ease 
and certainty that dead beats appear at lunch time. Its 
resiliency is equal to the playful dalliance of a co- 
quette. Thus adapting itself to every form of motion 
and condition, there are few things which cannot be 
made of it. Its latest application is a Pocket Gymna- 
sium. The device is intended to furnish a means of 
physical exercise for home practice, and it is far ahead 
of the ordinary dumb-bells and other bulky contri- 
.vances. Try it. See advertisement. — Dubuque Nexus. 



66 ASfNE HATHAWAY. 



ANNE HATHAWAY. 



EDMUND FALCOI^ER. 



No beard on thy chin, but a fire in thine eye, 
With lustiest manhood's in passion to vie, 
A stripling in form, with a tongue that can make 
The oldest folks listen, maids sweethearts forsake. 
Hie over the fields at the first blush of May, 
And give thy boy's heart unto Anne Hathaway. 

She's a stout yeoman's daughter and prizes herself. 
She'll marry an esquire or lie on the shelf; 
'Tis just ten years gone, since in maidenhood's prime. 
To a farmer she said, "Nay, I'll bide my own time." 
Now, " But and alas ! " all the kind neighbors say, 
*'She has married a stripling, has Anne Hathaway." 

That day ten years past — it was then Autumn time. 

And the shottery orchards were in their full prime ; 

Young Willie came over from Stratford to see 

If any windfalls in Anne's pocket might be : 

"For a kiss or an apple now come you to-day ?" [way. 

*' Why, for both," said the shrewd boy to Anne Hatha- 

The farmer, he sat on the steps by the door, [more ? " 
"I've kine, sheep, and homestead, what can you want 
The little boy answer'd ne'er dreaming how true, 
"When I am her sweetheart, she cannot want you." 
Anne stoop'd down and kiss'd him, and said, in mere 

play, 
*' Yes, Willie's the sweetheart for Anne Hathaway." 

The farmer laugh'd loud, " What a fine man he be ; 
You may kiss the wee laddie and ne'er jealous me." 



ANNE HATHAWAY. G7 

Willie blnsliing replied, " You're a fool it is plain, 
Or you'd not want * No ' said more tlian once and 
again." [day, 

The farmer trudged off, and scarce bade them good- 
And the boy ate sour apples with Anne Hathaway. 

Then long years went over, and "Anne's hard to please,',' 
Said yeomen at stacking, said shepherds on leas — 
Till she went o'er to Welford, to see the May Queen, 
And met there lithe Willie, just aged eighteen ; 
Who slighting young lasses, was heard oft to say, 
" That the Queen of all queens there was Anne Hatha^ 
way. " 

At sundown the shortest way home he could show, 
O'er the ford and by field-paths (much longer we know) ; 
But he talked all the way with such marvelous skill, 
Anne doubted her eyes when they reach'd Bandon hill. 
And at Shottery brook she'd no power to say " Nay," 
When he said, "You're my sweetheart, proud Anne 
Hathaway." 

He came o'er the hills at the next even-song, 
And Anne, half ashamed, stole to meet him along. 
But the full-breasted passion of Shakespeare* s -love- 
dream 
Swept Ae?* will where it will'd, like a waif on a stream ; 
'^ It was wooing and wedding at once," the folks say, 
" For the green callant Willie with Anne Hathaway." 

Soon Anne with a husband in years but a score. 

Full bless'd with three children, thought sadly of more, 

For tho' quick to jest or to fashion a rhyme, 

Willie's earnings were not those of men in their prime; 

And she sigh'd half assent when she heard the folks 

say, 
That more nice than wise had been Anne Hathaway. 



68 ANNE HATHAWAY. 

Now, a matron demure, Anne a formal life led, 
She got up betimes and went early to bed; 
But Willie at sundown, when staid folks went home, 
Hied up Welcomb Hill through the wildwoods to 

roam ; 
Or would sit by the fire till the fresh blush of day, 
Writing sonnets, sheer nonsense, to Anne Hathaway. 

A store of old songs Anne could speak off by rote, 
And oft wanted Willie their wisdom to note. 
And he listened at times, but provokingly smiled. 
Like a sage brought to book by an overwise child, 
Or strangely perverting, with new rhymes, each say. 
Took the wind from the sails of poor Anne Hathaway. 

[night 
In the woods around Charlcote, the moon thought one 
'Twas Endymion again singing hymns to her light ; 
But the park-keepers knew it was Will, and one swore 
That the buck some sly poacher had just tumbled o'er 
Had been slain by his hand, and, for all Will could say. 
He was stock'd as a scapegrace — sad Anne Hathaway! 

Then Willie, who chafed under sense of deep wrong, 
From Apollo's own bow sent a shaft in a song, 
Which prick'd and so venom'd the knight Lucy's 
breast, [opprest; 

That his frowns and his threats all the Shakespeares 
So Will for their sakes fled from Stratford away, 
And left a grass-widow in Anne Hathaway. 

To her father's home then Anne as housekeeper went, 
And sad months and years half dependent there spent ; 
For the old folks in hard times were testy, cross-grained, 
And oft of her children as burdens complain'd; 
And in their best tempers were still heard to say 
" That a iniss was the marriage of Anne Hathaway/' 



ANNE HATHAWAY. 69 

By the wagon from London a small packet came 
**For y^ Mistress Anne, Hymen Shakespeare did 

name." 
In it were kind words and of high hopes a store, 
But good moneys too, and a promise of more ; 
Which was kept in due season, and made the folks say. 
That '^ Some luives luere worse off than Anne Hath' 
atmy." 

[Next came down rich dresses, that made ]poor Anne 

stare, 
She was fearful to handle and much more to wear ; 
When to church in the plainest she one Sunday went. 
All eyes in astonishment on her were bent ; [say, 

But Anne tossed her head, for she heard the folks 
*' That a far-seeing loench had leenAnne Hathaway. ^^ 

The newsmongers, now that the Scots' Queen was dead. 
And the Spanish Armada thrashed, captured, or fled, 
And laid up Avere Feobisher,* Hawkiks and Drake, 
Of Shakespeare's new fortunes much marvel did 
make ; [say. 

And when the truth failed them would whisper and 
That the Queen was thought jealous of Anne Hath- 
away. 

With faith in broad acres, full barns, flocks and herds, 
Anne doubted much profit from rhymes and fine 
She saw no work done to insure wealth of gold, [words. 
In the distance its growth but a dream-life could hold, 
From which waking up, her boy-husban done day. 
Might come home broken-hearted to Anne Hatliaway. 

One evening in Autumn deep sadness came o'er. 
As her pitcher she filled in the well near the door, 

* Professor J. E. Frobisiier is a lineal descendant. 



TO ANNE HATHWAY. 

Eor an over-ripe apple slie found by the brim. 
And she thought what a gift it had once been for him; 
A drop specked its bloom, and it came spite of " Nay/' 
From thy heart, not the cold well, proud Anne Hath- 
away. 

It was warm, and spread over the fruit the rich dye 
Of a heart-mist exhaled by love's roseate sky; 
Like gems on the pitcher the cold drop shone clear. 
But the gem of all gems was that quick- wasting tear. 
She put up the apple to kiss it next day ; 
" I must call in the children," said Anne Hathaway. 

She set down the pitcher, and lean'd o'er the gate, 
To tell the young truants their supper did wait ; 
Susannah was spelling for Judith a book. 
And Hamet was paddling about in a brook ; [way. 
And she saw near the bridge, just a stone's throw a- 
One who seemed a great lord unto Anne Hathaway. 

His doublet and trunks were of velvet, that shone 
Like the mellow-green moss on an old coping-stone, 
A plume of white feathers his felt-hat did grace. 
And his collar and ruf9.es were broad Flanders lace ; 
With his buff boots and spurs he looked gallant and gay, 
Yet were tears in his eyes then, cold Anne Hathaway. 

Susannah stopped reading, and bade Judith look, 
For Hamet stood fast in the mud of the brook ; 
With his eyes wonder-fixed, arid his mouth open wide. 
Then the stranger advanced, and when close by Anne's 

side, 
Tho' his bearded lip quiver'd, did smilingly say, 
" Will you give me an apple, dear Anne Hathaway ? " 

Anne started, and trembled, and looked in his face, 
Oh ! could it be Willie's, with majesty's grace ? 



HANS VOGEL. 71 

Though it beamed youthful still — there the boy was 

no more, 
For the full front of power and command it now wore; 
And she shrank back afraid, when she heard SUalce- 

spear e say, [HathaAvay ? " 

'^ Don't you know your own husband, dear Anne 

"'Tis my father!" cried Susan, and sprang to his 

breast — 
From that moment ever beloved there the best — 
But the others he called, and with hand and lip graced, 
And tenderly then their coy mother embraced : 
<' When I asked for an apple you never said ^ Nay,' 
But a hiss was a great gift from Anne Hathaway." 

He went o'er to Stratford the very next morn, [born ; 
And bought the great house where the Clopton was 
And rich lands round Welcomb he purchased right 

out. 
And a propertied gentleman was, past all doubt ; 
And though the poor title his fame flouts to-day, 
Still, she married an Esquire, did Anne Hathaway. 



HANS VOGEL. 

The fight is o'er, the day is done, 
And through the clouds o'erhead 

The fingers of the setting sun 
Are pointing down blood-red; — 

Beneath, on the white battle-field. 
Lie strewn the rifts of dead. 

No breath, no stir ; but everywhere 
The cold frost crawleth slow, 



72 HANS VOGEL. 

And Frank and Teuton side by side 

Lie stiffening in the snow, — 
"While piteonsly each marble face 

Gleams in the ruby glow. 

No sound ; but yonder midst the dead 
There stands one steed snow-white, 

And clinging to its chilly mane, 
Half swooning, yet upright, 

Its rider totters, breathing hard. 
Bareheaded in the light I 

Hans Vogel, spectacles on nose, 

He gasps and gazes round — 
He shivers as his eyes survey 

That wintry battle-ground — 
Then parched with thirst, and chill with cold. 

He sinks without a sound. 

Then swift as thought his wild eyes gleam 

On something at his side — 
He stirs — he glares — he sits erect— 

He grips it, eager-eyed : 
A flask it is some fiend or foe 

Hath dropt there ere he died. 

To God he mutters now a prayer. 

Quaking in every limb ; 
Trembling he holds ifc to the light — 

'Tis full unto the brim! 
A flask, a brimming flask of wine ! 

And God hath sent it him ! 

Hans Vogel's heart leaps up in joy : 
" Dem Simmel sei Dank ! " he cries ; 



ha:ns yogel. 73 

Theu^ pursing out his thirsty lips 

Prepares to quaff his prize, — 
When lo ! a sound — he starts — and meets 

A pair of burning eyes ! 

Propt on a bed of comrades dead. 

His faint breath swiftly flying, 
His breast torn open by a shell, 

A Grenadier is lying : — 
Grim as a wolf, with gleaming fangs, 

The Frenchman glare th, dying ! 

White are his locks, his features worn 

With many a wild campaign, 
He rocks his head from side to side 

Like to a beast, in pain — 
He groans athirst with open mouth, 

Again and yet again. 

Hans Vogel in the act to drink 

And render God the praise. 
Drops down his fever'd hand in doubt 

And pauses in amaze, 
For on that flask that Grenadier 

Fixeth his filmy gaze ! 

Hans Vogel smiles, ^' Here Uetli one 

Whose need is more than mine ! " 
Then crawling over to his foe, 

'' Look, Frenclmian, here is wine ! 
An(I hy the God that made us loth 

Shall every dro^j he thine! " 

Hast thou beheld a dying boar, 
Struck bleeding to the ground, 
4 



74 HANS VOGEL. 

Spring with one last expiring throe 

To rip the foremost hound ? 
Terrible, fatal, pitiless. 

It slays with one swift bound. 

Ev'n so that grizzly wolf of war. 

With eyes of hate and ire, 
Stirs as he lies, and on the ground 

Gropes with a fierce desire, — 
Then lifts a mighty carbine up. 

And lo ! one flash of fire! 

A flash — a crash I Hans Yogel still 

Is kneeling on his knee. 
His heart is beating quick, his face 

Is pale as man's can be : 
The ball just grazed his bleeding brow, — 

Potstausand I " murmureth he. 

Hans frowns ,• and raising to his lips 

The flask, begins to quaff; 
Then, holds it to the fading light 

With sly and cynic laugh. 
Deep was his draught — sweet was the wine — 

And he hath drunk the half ! 

But now he glanceth once again 

Where that grim Frenchman lies- 
Gasping still waits the wolf of war. 

Like to a beast that dies — 
He groans athirst. with open mouth. 
And slowly glazing eyes. 

Hans Yogel smiles ; unto his foe 
x^gain now totters he — 



THE LAST OP THE FAITHFUL. 75 

So spent now is that wolf of war 

He scarce can hear or see. 
Hans Vogel holds his hand and takes 

His head upon his knee ! 

Then down the dying Frenchman's throat 

He sends the liquor fine : 
*' Half yet remains^ old boy,''' he cries, 

"While pouring down the wine — 
" Hadst thou not play\l me such a trick, 

It would have all been thine! " 

Hans Vogel speaketh in the tongue 

Of liis good Fatherland. 
The Frenchman hears an alien sound. 

And cannot understand. 
But he can taste the warm red wine. 

And feel the kindly hand. 

See ! looking in Hans Vogel's face 

He stirs his grizzly head — 
Up, smiling, goes the grim moustache 

O'er cheeks as gray as lead : 
With one last glimmer of the eyes. 

He smiles — and he is dead. 



THE LAST OF THE FAITHFUL. 

Strikin^g figure was Don Jose's : saffron forehead, eyes 

of jet, [ness set; 

Dyed moustache, like raven's feather, lips in rigid firm- 

Eound him clung a long blue mantle, wrapped in 

many a curious fold, [hot and cold." 

"Wears it always," Patrick hinted ; " outdoors, indoors, 

So Don Jose sat before me in the dingy, dim cafe, 

Loyal Spaniard, Creole Cuban, refugee (and spy, they 

say !) 



76 THE LAST OF THE FAITHFUL. 

Rapped his snuff-box on the table, fed his nostrils ner- 
vously, [bowed to me ; 
Swore "Oaramba! I am frozen !" looked around and 
" Frosty weather, Don Felippe ! makes one yearn for 
Cuban air ; [thee there ! 
He chico, chico, Jos6, mio ! 'twere scarce wholesome for 
que bella la Habana ! Faithful city ! Santa fe ! 
What a bliss to walk thy plazas on this bright Decem- 
ber day ! 

" There's my home in that Habana ! Here Fm exile — 

homesick, too — [bans do ? 

Woe is me, good Don Felippe ; what can honest Cu- 

Spies around you, drum-head justice, presto ! comes a 

file of men — [and fire — and then ? " 

March ! a priest — rat-tat — make ready — one, two, three 

" Come to us, my friend Don Jose ; we'll instruct your 

Latin race [ern grace. 

How to inweave Saxon firmness with your innate south- 

" Come to us, sir ; we'll annex you ! "Rapped Don Jose 

on his box, [unorthodox ; 

Fiercely fed with snuff his nostrils, spluttering words 

" Ha ! annex ! El diablazo ! We'll annex your Yankee 

realm ! [from the helm : 

Yankee greed stirs up the storm that drives our pilots 

Keep your talk of annexation for the men who like 

that style — [f ul Isle. 

Patriots they! /am a Spaniard! Cuba bides the Faith- 

''Don Felippe, you behold me — old, an exile, gray, for- 
lorn, [was born I 

Whom the vile garrote waits for — dared I go where I 

Don Felippe! Spain's injustice does not shake my loy- 
alty — [we're free ! 

We whose blue blood flows so proudly, we are loyal as 



THE LAST OF THE FAITHFUL. 77 

I may never see Habana, where my home is, and my 

joy, [Pablo ! such a boy ! 

"Where my house, and wife, and child are — ah, my 

"My own son ! Querido niio ! eye of dove and hearfc of 
flame ! [trampled name — 

When I'm dead he'll win me honor — he'll restore my 
Hombre paton I where's my paper ? Don Felippe, 
when I die, [not buy ! " 

Pablo lives, a Spanish subject, whom the 'patriots ' can- 
" Dreadful news this morning, Seiior," said glib Pat- 
rick, as he gave [grave. " 
Don Jose his folded paper, " Sendin' school boys to the 

" Maldicion ! cease thy gabble ! " Swift Don Jose 
scanned the page — [age ! 

"Children! cruel! Don Felippe, 'tis a scandal to our 
Ha ! what's this ? Maria mia ! " and he tore the sheet 
apart — [my heart!" 

" Jesu ! Pablo ! Fusillado ! murdered ? butchered ? — ah, 
"Water ! fan him ! he has fainted ! " " Seilors, par- 
don me, I pray, [I must say. 
I am something old — ^too feeble for such heart-breaks, 

" Old and feeble — old and childless ! Senors, thank 

you, now I'm strong ! [my wrong : 

Step this way, good Don Felippe. Ah ! I see you feel 
When the time comes when your nation — come it will 
and come it must — [through the dust — 

Crushes Spanish might in Cuba, drags her banner 
When that time arrives of vengeance, of dishonor to 
proud Spain, [she has slain — 

For the blood shed on her threshold, for the children 

"Call on me then, Don Felippe! Send your leaders 

straight to me ! [many a key ; 

I know Cuba's strength and weakness, I can give them 



78 THE PIEST CENTENNIAL ADDEESS. 

I know where her forts are crumbling, know each inlet 
and lagoon, [less at high noon : 

And can thread the mountain pathways that are sun- 
Tell them of me, Don Felippe ! Tell them not Fm old 
and gray ! [loosed to-day ! 

Ah ! the Spanish panther recks not of the bloodhound 

" Ah ! querido Pablo mio ! can then vengeance mend 

thy loss, [common fosse ? 

Shot and tumbled without honor, in the hangman's 
Aye, my Pablo, brown-eyed martyr ! Let the priests 

their masses say, — [priate way ! 

I'll commemorate thee too, querido, in my own appro- 
Spanish tears shall wash the wounds that ruthless 

Spanish bullets gave : 
Spanish blood shall write inscriptions for my little 

Pablo's grave ! " 



CENTENNIAL ADDEESS. 

BEKJAMIK H. BKEWSTER. 

How much has been given to us and how much we 
now enjoy, and how much will be expected of us — and 
we know the peril of such great trusts ! Behind us lie 
the early years of oppression, trial and sorrow ; the 
after years of success and public triumph; and before 
us lie the crowning years of duty, duty to be performed 
with religious fidelity for the sake of ourselves and our 
children and for the sake of the future of the human 
race. 

Let us pause and look at the past ; meditate upon 
its wholesome lessons. Let us pause and gaze on the 
future now approaching us with measured tread. We 
have now come to years of national manhood, and 



THE BOYS IN BLUE. 79 

with its honors will come its cares and calamities. 
May we be able to use them all, and accept them all as 
our fathers accepted their mission, with its glories and 
its adversities. 

Our example has subverted the tyrannies that once 
cursed men and roused them to a sense of a more per- 
fect manhood. This is our mission, and thus far have 
we well performed it. Let us silence the noise of all 
discord at home. Let us unite in future as our fathers 
were united in their days of trial. Let us acknowledge 
and maintain — as they did — our nationality for the 
sake of our common liberties, and then we will be an 
example for others to imitate and honor. 

Here we are happy in our common prosperity; 
happy in our past history ; happy in our hopes of the 
future, and happy in a common confidence in Divine 
protection. May another hundred years see freemen 
of our united nation like ourselves thus gathered to- 
gether, in a like spirit, to tell all men that their mission, 
as ours, is " Peace on Earth and Good Will to Men." 



THE BOYS IN BLUE. 

BY ELLA DIETZ. 

That day the Sixtieth came back — 
We scarce believed the news was true — 

We had a ball and danced all night, 
To welcome home the boys in blue. 

To dance with men who had faced death— 

I almost felt a soldier too. 
And never feared the rebel swords 

While dancing with those boys in blue. 



80 THE EEL KING. 

They laughed at dangers past and gone. 
And seemed to long for dangers new ; 

Were half chagrined at their parole — 
So brave they were, the boys in blue. 

And many a day we rode and raced ; 

Our voices rang the old woods through; 
'Twas only loyal to be gay 

And cheer their hearts — the boys in blue. 

When once beneath the leafy shade. 
Mid twilight's dark and falling dew. 

One sought my heart — I gave it then — 
Could I gainsay a boy in blue ? 

There came a day they rode away. 

We stood and watched their last adieux, 
Then turned with heavy hearts and prayed 

" God keep them safe ! the boys in blue." 

But some must fall when battles come — 
Wounded were many of those we knew. 

I read the lists — among the dead 
I saw one name — my boy in blue. 

" Shot through the heart ! ^^ — the heart I gave- 
But to the last I'll keep his true, 

For mine is in the grave with him, 
And there shall rest my boy in blue. 



THE ERL KING. 

BY MRS. C. P. ELLETT. (PROM GOETHE.) 

By night through the forest who rideth so fast, 
While the chill sleet is driving, and fierce roars the 
blast? [storm, 

'Tis the father, who beareth his child through the 
And safe in his mantle hath wrapped him from harm. 



THE ERL KING. 81 

" My SOU — why hidest thy face as in fear ? " 
^* father — see — father ! the Erlking is near ! 
The Erlking it is, with his crown and his shroud ! " 
"My boy — it is nought but a wreath of the cloud!" 

"0 pretty child ! come — and away with me! 
With many gay sports will I frolic with thee, 
There are many-hued flowers on our fairy strand ; 
My mother will weave thee robes golden and grand ! " 

*' Father, my father! and dost thou not hear. 
What the Erlking is whispering low in mine ear ? " 
"Be quiet, my darling! thy hearing deceives; 
^Tis but the wind whistling among the crisp leaves." 

^'0 beautiful boy! wilt thou come with me? say! 
My daughters are waiting to join thee at play ; 
In their arms they shall bear thee through all the dark 
night, [light!" 

They shall dance, they shall sing thee to slumber so 

*' My father ! dear father, and dost thou not see 
Where the Erlking's daughters are waiting for me ? " 
"My boy — 'tis no phantom ! I see it now plain ; 
'Tis but the gray willow that waves in the rain." 

"Thy sweet face hath charmed me; I love thee, my 

And com'st thou not freely — I'll seize thee, hxiv boy ! " 
*' O father — my father ! his touch is so cold ! 
He grasps me — I cannot escape from his hold ! '* 

Sore trembles the father ; he spurs tli rough the wild. 
And folds yet more closely his terrified child ; 
He reaches his own gate in darkness and dread, . 
Alas ! — in his arms lay the fair child — dead I 
4* 



82 SHE WOULD BE A MASON. 

SHE WOULD BE A MASON. 

The funniest story I ever heard, 
The funniest thing that ever occurred. 
Is the story of Mrs. Mehitable Byrde, 
Who wanted to be a Mason. 

Her husband, Tom Byrde, is a Mason true, 
As good a Mason as any of you ; 
He is tyler of lodge Cerulean Blue, 
And tyles and delivers the summons due, 
And she wanted to be a Mason too — 
This ridiculous Mrs. Byrde. 

She followed him round, this inquisitive wife, 
And nabbed and teased him half out of his life ; 
So to terminate this unhallowed strife. 

He consented at last to admit her. 
And first, to disguise her from bonnet to shoon, 
The ridiculous lady agreed to put on 
His breech — ah ! forgive me — I meant pantaloon 

And miraculously did they fit her. 

The Lodge was at work on the Master's Degree ; 
The light was ablaze on the letter G ; 
High soared the pillars J. and B. ; 
The officers sat like Solomon, wise; 
The brimstone burned amid horrid cries; 
The goat roamed wildly through the room ; 
The candidate begged 'em to let him go home ; 
And the devil himself stood up in the east, 
As proud as an alderman at a feast ; — 
When in came Mrs. Byrde. 

Oh, horrible sounds ! oh, horrible sight ! 
Can it be that Masons take delight 



SHB WOULD BE A MASON. 83 

In spending thus the hours of night ? 
Ah ! coald their wives and daughters know 
The unuttei-able things they say and do. 
Their feminine hearts would burst with woe ; 

But this is not all my story, 
For those Masons Joined in a hideous ring. 
The candidate howling like everything, 
And thus in tones of death they sing : 

(The candidate's name was Morey;) 
*' Blood to drink and bones to crack, 
Skulls to smash and lives to take, 
Hearts to crush and souls to burn — 
Give old Morey another turn, 

And make him all grim and gory." 

Trembling with horror stood Mrs. Byrde, 
Unable to speak a single word ; 
Siie staggered and fell in the nearest chair, 
On the left of the Junior Warden there. 
And scarcely noticed, so loud the groans, 
That the chair was made of human bones. 

Of human bones ! on grinning skulls 
That ghastly throne of horror rolls, — 
Those skulls, the skulls that Morgan bore ! 
Those bones, the bones that Morgan wore! 
His scalp across the top was flung, 
His teeth around the arms were strung, — 
Never in all romance was known 
Such uses made of human bone. 

The brimstone gleamed in lurid flame, 
Just like a place we will not name ; 
Good angels, that inquiring came 
From blissful courts, looked on with shame 
And tearful melancholy. 



84 TEUE AMERICANISM. 

Again they dance, but twice as bad, 
They jump and sing like demons mad; 

The tune is Hunky Dorey — 
" Blood to drink/' etc., etc. 

Then came a pause — a pair of paws 
Keached through the floor, up- sliding doors, 
And grabbed the unhappy candidate! 
How can I without tears relate 
The lost and ruined Morey's fate ? 
She saw him sink in a fiery hole, 
She heard him scream, " My soul ! my soul I" 
"While roars of fiendish laughter roll. 

And drown the yells of mercy ! 
*' Blood to drink," etc., etc. 

The ridiculous woman could stand no more — 

She fainted and fell on the checkered floor, 

'Midst all the diabolical roar. 

What then, you ask me, did befall 

Mehitable Byrde ? Why, nothing at all — ■■ 

She had dreamed she'd been in the Masons' hall. 



TRUE america:n^ism. 

GAEL SCHUHZ. 

The youthful elements which constitute the people 
of the new world, cannot submit to rules which are 
not of their own making. They must throw off the 
fetters which bind them to an old decrepit order of 
things. They resolve to enter the great family of na- 
tions as an independent member, and, in the colony 
of free humanity, whose mother country is the world, 
they establish the republic of equal rights, where the 
title of manhood is the title to citizenship. My friends, 



TRUE AMEKICANISM. 85 

if I had a thousand tongues, and a voice strong as tlie 
thunder of heaven, they would not be sufficient to im- 
press upon your minds, forcibly enough, the greatness 
of this idea, the overshadowing glory of this result. 

This was the dream of the truest friends of man 
from the beginning ; for this the noblest blood of mar- 
tyrs has been shed, for this has mankind waded through 
seas of blood and tears. There it ie now, there it 
stands, the noble fabric in all the splendor of reality. 

They speak of the greatness of the Eoman republic. 
Oh! sir; if I could call the proudest of Eomans from 
his grave, I would take him by the hand, and say to 
him: " ^Look at this picture, and at this.' The great- 
ness of thy Roman republic consisted in its despotic 
rule over the world ; the greatness of the American 
republic consists in the secured right of man to gov- 
ern himself." His democracy, instead of elevating 
mankind to its own level, trampled the rights of man 
into the dust. The security of the Roman republic, 
therefore, consisted in the power of the sword. The 
security of the American republic rests in the equal- 
ity of human rights ! The Roman republic perished 
by the sword ; the American republic will stand as 
long as the equality of human rights remains invio- 
late. Which of the two republics is the greater, the 
republic of the Roman, or the republic of man ? 

Sir, I wish the words of the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence, " that all men are created free and equal, and 
are endowed with certain unalienable rights " were in- 
scribed upon every gate-post within the limits of this 
republic. From this principle the Revolutionary 
Fathers derived their claim to independence; upon 
this they founded the institutions of this country, and 
the whole structure was to be the living incarnation 
of this idea. 



86 NAE KIS^EE BAIRN. 

This principle contains the programme of our polit- 
ical existence. It is the most progressive and at the 
same time the most conservative. The most progress- 
ive for it takes even the lowliest members of the hu- 
man family out of their degradation, and inspires them 
with the elevating consciousness of equal human dig- 
nity. The most conservative, for it makes a common 
cause of individual rights. From equality of rights 
springs identity of our highest interests. You cannot 
subvert your neighbor's rights without striking a dan- 
gerous blow at your own ; and where the rights can- 
not be infringed, without finding ready defense in all 
others who defend their own rights in defending his, 
then, and only then, are the rights of all safe against 
the usurpation of governmental authority. This gen- 
eral identity of interests is the only thing that can 
guarantee stability of democratic institutions. Equal- 
ity of rights embodied in general self-government, is 
the great moral element of true democracy ; it is the 
only reliable safety-valve in the whole machinery of 
modern society. There is the solid foundation of our 
system of government ; there is our missive ; there 
is our greatness; there is our safety; there, and no- 
where else. This is true Americanism, and to this I 
pay the tribute of my devotion. 



ISTAE KKEE BAIRN. 

Oh, hae ye, then, nae knee bairn 
"Wi' dumpy, dimplit ban's, 

Wi' fit accoutred in sma' boots, 
An' fitfa' like a man's ? 

An' fitfa' thund'rin roun' 
As tho' your ain knee bairn 

Had weighed a hunder poun'. 



NAE KNEE BAIRN. 87 

Oh, hae ye, then, nae knee bairn, 

Soon as ye lift the hitch. 
Soon as ye touch the stair or floor, 

Your comin' step to catch ! 
To catch, an' to ca' out. 

Your toddlin', wee knee bairn, 
Wi' many a peal an' shout. 

Oh, hae ye, then, nae knee bairn. 

To clembit for a kiss, 
To pu' your beard, an' tweak your nose ? 

Fu' half of life's in this ! 
Fu' half o' life and more 

To hae your ain knee bairn 
A strumpin' roun' the floor. 

Oh, hae ye, then, nae knee bairn, 

To hand ye by the ear. 
An' whisper, wi' his pouty lips. 

What nane but you maun hear ? 
But you ! some secret wise, 

The which your ain knee bairn 
Imparts wi' starin' eyes. 

Oh, hae ye, then, nae knee bairn, 

To snuggle his roun' head 
Down in your lap, curl up his lim's, 

An' nestle off to bed ? 
An' nestle off as though 

Your ain worn-out knee bairn 
Had naewhere else to go. 

Oh, hae ye, then, nae knee bairn ? 

"Weal, ye can never ken 
What 'tis to hae him ta'en awa' 

Nor hear him roun' agen ; 



88 KATIONAL PECULIAEITIES. 

Nor hear him roun, but gaun 

Frae sight an' sense, your knee bairn, 
Ye had sae doated on ! 

What 'tis to hae a knee bairn 
That's dim' out o' your sight ; 

Far up alang the angel steps, 
Aboon the stars o' night ; 

Aboon your search or ca', 
What 'tis to hae a knee bairn 

Ye can na ken at a' ! 



NATIONAL PECULIAKITIES. 

BY DAVID LEGARE. 

Every nation has its peculiarities, and what seems 
a solemn custom to one has only a tendency to excite 
the risibilities of another. The Chinaman, doubtless, 
thinks us a very peculiar people and slaves to some 
very foolish customs, and if we have bestowed on him 
the title of *• Heathen,'' there is no reason to believe 
that he has not applied an epithet as flattering to our- 
selves. He, like us, is a slave to the customs of his 
fathers, and if we think not as he thinks, and have 
not his peculiar visage, let us not be vain of the dis- 
tinction. The difference between us is more imagi- 
nary than real. Like us, he has his tastes and his 
prejudices, and though there is no accounting for the 
former, let us not suppose that he has not good sub- 
stantial reasons to offer for the latter. 

His history is your history, and like you, perchance, 
he is often puzzled at his own existence, and though 
he has no philosopher like Darwin to trace his lineage 



NATIONAL PECULIARITIES. 89 

to a baboon, deem not that he has not a pedigree 
equally illustrious. You Americans are a very strange 
people, according to a Chinaman's way of thinking, 
and it is said that when he tirst arrived in this coun- 
try he spent the greater part of his time in laughing 
at you, and when he saw two of your women kiss each 
other he almost expired. They don't do that in his 
country, unless they love each other, and then they do 
it sparingly. 

Your women, however, are so different from his that 
he can't understand them. They are such delicate 
creatures, so timid, and have such big feet that he is 
almost afraid to approach them. 'No later than yes- 
terday, he presented one of your ladies with one of the 
greatest delicacies of China, a nicely roasted rat, and 
when she had eaten it, he eloquently discoursed on its 
tender qualities, when lo ! she went into convulsions. 

" Such," exclaimed the heathen, with contempt, 
" are thy women ! " 

Other nations, if consulted, would doubtless give no 
better opinion of you. You are wise in your own con- 
ceit, and mean enough. Heaven knows ! in spite of 
your free schools and republican institutions. In war, 
it is true, you have made some progress ; you can kill 
more people scientifically than you could formerly, 
and in this way you, in a measure, have made war less 
barbarous, and it must be very consoling for soldiers 
to know that when killed hereafter in battle it will be 
in accordance with the most approved rules of science. 

In truth, the cannon is a great civilizer. It was 
used in India with considerable effect, and we can 
now determine with the certainty of exact science, 
when a thousand beings are blown from the cannon's 
mouth, how many will remain forever after quiet ? 

In your own country " Lo ! the poor Indian," has 



90 NATIONAL PE0ULIAEITIES. 

enjoyed ihe advantages of your civilized influence— he 
sleeps with his fathers. 

Without doubt you have aided him in the passage 
to his happy hunting grounds, where perchance he now 
hunts, unmolested, the phantom buffalo and deer, 
while you in ecstasy pursue the balance of his phan- 
tom race. 

This is one of your national peculiarities. All he 
wanted was *' to be let alone." 

Nature placed him among the trees of the forest, 
and he grew up as free as the eagle, and as straight as 
the pine, and it is not for me nor for you to say that he 
was not contented and happy. 

True, lie lacked some things. He had no dentists, 
and yet his teeth were good. No rules of diet, and yet 
he digested his food. 

No patent medicines, and yet he lived. 

Medicine-men he had, and, if they seldom cured, it 
can be said to their credit that they rarely killed. 

He had no law books, no lawyers. 

The former he could not have comprehended — the 
latter he never would have tolerated. 

Difficulties he settled with the scalping-knife ; and 
what did he care about witnesses ? The air that he 
breathed was pure, and his Croton did not belong to 
the corporation. 

His wife held her tongue ; and his children went to 
sleep in the open air without catching a cold in the 
head, or the measels. 

He went out and came home when he pleased ; and 
his wife never asked him impudent questions. In this 
respect he was " master of. the situation." He carried 
a scalping-knife. She was quiet without having the 
blues, and though not very fashionable, yet she 
painted. 



NATIONAL PECULIAKITIES. 91 

She had but little clothes, and no bonnets, and yet, 
strange to relate, she seemed perfectly happy. She 
took her husband for better or for worse, and in this 
respect she was civilized — she generally found him 
worse. 

She got up in the morning and made the fire without 
grumbling, and though no advocate of woman's rights 
yet she enjoyed them — she did most of the work. 

She moved too, sometimes, and when moving-day 
came she carried her house and cooking utensils on her 
back. You would not call that light house-work, 
would you? 

She did. 

She did'nt move very often, though — not over fifty 
or sixty times in a year. 

She went first, and the husband followed after, with 
a scalping-knife in one hand and a tomahawk in the 
other. 

It is singular how quiet the wife was under such cir- 
cumstances. Husbands ! carry a scalping-knife and a 
tomahawk. 

There is something peculiarly sad in the contempla- 
tion of these people, and when we remember that 
they existed even here, it seems more melancholy still. 

But their dusky forms are seen no more. Death has 
sounded their knell, and civilization crows lustily over 
them. 

In this very spot, perchance, some youthful savage 
may have been educated. Not under the walls of an 
institute, but under the walls of heaven. 

He never studied arithmetic, and grammar never 
puzzled his brains. Never for punishment did his 
master seat him among the girls. He never could 
have lived under the infliction; it would have lacerated 
his soul. 



9^ EOQ. 

Doubtless he courted, but he never gained his lady's 
heart by filling her mouth — he had no confectionery. 
But he woos no more ; he and maiden alike have dis- 
appeared. 

His hunting grounds have been turned into cities, 
and his wigwams have been succeeded by the dwell- 
ings of the pale folk. 

The green grass and glorious trees have gone also 
with him, and methinks I now see Civilization, as she 
watches his receding form, lift up her foot and exclaim, 
"Get!" 



EOQ. 

CAVIARE. 



High up in the quarter Eecouville, 

In a chamber that looks to the north, 
I sit by the stove in the twilight. 

The loneliest soldier on earth. 
Little's left but a few tattered volumes. 

The shreds of my blue-collared cloak. 
And a stuffed dog that sits on the sofa — 

That dog was my poor gallant Eoq. 

I was then a poor hack of a student, 

AVith scarcely a sou of my own, 
But, somehow, fate always provided 

For me and the youngster a bone. 
All day, whilst I read by the window, 

He'd sit, on a stool by my side. 
Like a bearded philosopher, eyeing 

The groups in the faubourg outside. 

Sagacious, accomplished, and ready. 
He'd balance a quill on his nose, 



ROQ. 93 

Fetch a loaf from Desmartiii's, the baker, . . 

Or pluck, without spoiling, a rose. 
He was even the Cupid that carried 

My billets to Genevieve Loque ; 
Oh, was there a dog in the empire 

A match for my versatile Koq ? 

Well, the star of Kapoleon was waning. 

For the eagles were weary of flight, 
And their red wings were scorched up at Moscow, 

In the blaze of its funeral night. 
Drum and tabor were rattled at Paris, [broke ! " 

*' Give me men," exclaimed France, "or I'm 
So we rushed to her standard to save her — 

Myself and my jubilant Koq. 

Ah, well I remember the evening, 

We tAVo fellows went to take leave 
Of a friend in the square of St. Simon — 

Our darling grisette, Genevieve. 
She patted his head, as we parted. 

And he looked till his eye almost spoke, 
And he stuffed his black nose in her fingers, 

The cute, sly, affectionate Koq. 

Sharp, sharp, rang the bugles through Paris, 

"For Belgium, aliens !" was the cry: 
Up, up went the blood-plumed eagles 

To flutter an hour in the sky — 
Up, up went the dog of my bosom. 

On his broad back I buckled my cloak ; 
As he tramped at the head of our legions. 

The proudest amongst them was Koq. 

Ah, curse on the day when the Empire 
Was laid in red Waterloo's dust! 



94 EOQ. 

Ah, curse on the mad deeds in Russia — 

A curse on ambition and lust I 
For I swear, if our swords kept from hacking 

The glorious Eepublican oak. 
Beside me, to-night, sound and living. 

Would sit my affectionate Roq. 

From morning till evening our legions, 

Horsemen, and footmen, and guns, 
Were dashed on the squares of the British, 

And smashed their array more than once ; 
For our lancers leapt over their bayonets. 

From the deep gulfs of lightning and smoke, 
And chief in the midst of the charges 

Was my most invincible Roq. 

Ere nightfall, our banners were blasted. 

And dragged to the ground by defeat ; 
To the roar of the battle, back thundered 

The echoes of fugitive feet. 
"Let the guards take the heights ! " cried Napoleon, 

Alas ! 'twas his last master-stroke ; 
Bat I carried his words to the marshals — 

Myself and my valorous Roq. 

Like a dark cloud blown landward from Biscay, 

Up the stiff slope the mighty host strode ; 
On plumage, on helmet, and cuirass. 

The rays of the setting sun glowed. 
The bill-top was gained, when a hell-fire 

From the ranks of the enemy broke. 
My right leg was smashed, and a bullet 

Was lodged in the heart of poor Roq. 

He died, as he lived, like a soldier — 
His blooded mouth glued to my face ; 



NEW YOKK SCHOOL JOURNAL. 95 

He died, as he lived, in his duty, 

The glory — the star of his race. 
I bore him that night from the battle, 

Wrapped stiff in the folds of this cloak ; 
O Genevieve ! would that thy promise 

Were true as the faith of poor Roq! 



A Pocket Gymitasium. — The profits from patents, 
on small inventions are practically illustrated by the 
recent introduction of an elastic tube, about tAvo feet 
long, fitted with a plug of wood at either end, and a 
cord running loosely through the tube, fastened at 
each end by a knot to the plug. The object of this 
invention is to furnish a portable exercising device, 
•which is inexpensive, and is designed as a substitute 
for the more complex and costly health-lift apparatus. 
A patent was secured through this office for the inven- 
tion, and we are informed that the demand for the de- 
vice has become so great that the manufacturer finds 
it difficult to meet it, thus confirming wliat we have 
repeatedly stated, that there is always a ready sale for 
small patented inventions. The article referred to is 
for persons of sedentary habits, or ladies and children 
needing physical exercise. — Scientific American. 



New York School Journ-al. — Why cannot all 
our boards of education test the qualities of this sim- 
ple, inexpensive means of preserving the health of our 
children, and place it in our schools? The people 
ought certainly to hail with delight so easy a method 
of improving the physical condition of the rising gen- 
eration. It is designed to take the place of Indian 
clubs, dumb bells, wands, rings, and similar apparatus, 
and yet is so small of compass as not to occupy a 
larger space in the pocket than a handkerchief or a 
pair of gloves. It is graded in seven sizes, to be used 
either by the feeblest child or the strongest athlete, in 
so many innumberable movements tliat every muscle 
in the body can be exercised to its fullest extent. The 
inventors have (certainly produced the all-in-all for the 
purpose designed. 



A LADY'S INVENTION. 




The Flexible Hair Curlers and Crimpers 

"Will curl or wave any hair without the Tise of the hot curling irons or 
injurious Chemical Compounds. The principle upon which they operate is 
pressure, which all will readily admit is preferable to the old method of heat. 

They are very simple, can be used by a child, are neat in appearance when 
in use, and from their flexible construction will be found superior to any other 
article for comfort. 

By the use of these articles a more natural effect is produced than by heat. 
Heat makes stiff, stubborn, imnatural forms, destroys the liquid, which is the 
life of the hair, dimming its lustre and eventually producing a harsh, wiry 
appearance. 

THE FLEXIBLE HAIR CURLERS AND CRIMPERS form soft, careless, 
graceful curls and waves, which are therefore more natural. These articles are 
warranted to give perfect satisfaction, or the money refunded. Sent to any address 
upon receipt of price. 



.Z hox, containing 12—2 inches long, 
1 •♦ *' 12—3 " " 



• 50 cents. 
' - 75 '* 
' ' $1.00 



In ordering, mention which you want — Cukleks or Crimpeks — as both are 
made in three sizes, and both are sold at the same prices. Liberal terms to 
Agents and Dealers. 

Address— 

GOODYBAE'S INDIA EUBBER CUELEE CO., 

P.O. Box Bise. 697 Broad-way, New York. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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